J-20 is better than F-22 US media commentary on China's latest stealth fighter performance
(Original title: F -20 better than F-22? US media commentary China's latest stealth fighter performance)
According to the US "national interest" website reported on October 2, China is likely to be the only 50 years in the United States evenly matched opponents. Although the conflict is unlikely to occur but the United States must make the worst plan.
In all modern conventional wars, air power and air superiority will play an important role. For the United States, Lockheed Martin's F-22 "Raptor" stealth fighter will always be the best weapon to ensure air superiority until it is eventually replaced by the US Air Force F-X program.
Reported that China's closest "Raptor" fighter is the F-20 fighter. How will such a plane fight against the best models in the United States?
At present, China's understanding of this aircraft is not much. In the traditional sense, it does not even belong to the scope of fighter aircraft. It may be specifically designed to attack the United States in the Western Pacific power delivery capacity of the aircraft, which is China's "anti-intervention / regional refusal" part of the strategy. The performance of this aircraft may be optimized to combat US Army tankers, airborne early warning aircraft, joint surveillance and target attack radar system (JSTARS) aircraft and other support forces, and even carry long-range cruise missiles, attack the United States in the region scattered base and aircraft carrier The
Reported that some signs show that the J-20 is a first attack fighter, but it also has a strong air-to-air capability. And the United States F-35 fighter, the latest J-20 prototype machine head seems to have a light targeting system. The system may be an EOTS-89 optical targeting system. Air superior fighter is not the need for this sensor.
It is speculated that there are signs that China's aircraft carries active phased array (AESA) radar. Allegedly, the F-20 may be equipped with 1475 phased array radar, the radar may be being tested by the China Flight Test Institute. However, these messages can not be confirmed at this time.
The most convincing evidence that proves that the Fighter -20 is being optimized to make it capable of attacking is that its fuselage is huge but the wing is relatively small. It may also have large arms cabin. This configuration can run well on a supersonic attack machine, but it is not ideal for airlift fighters that must maintain high speed.
In addition, China has not yet had the engine technology to provide power for such a large empty fighter. In fact, China can not prove that they have the ability to produce any aircraft can be applied to the J-20 aircraft engine. But the attack aircraft does not need excellent thrust weight ratio, therefore, this aircraft is currently using two Russian-made AL-31F engine, for China's use, may have been enough.
In addition, it is important to note that short-range tactical fighters like the F-22 and F-35 are not suitable for performing missions in the Western Pacific because of their vastness and decentralization. China is also subject to the same geographical restrictions. This means that aircraft like F-22 and F-35 require the help of a tanker at long-distance missions. The most reasonable way for China to suppress the air power of the United States and its allies is not to fight against them, but to combat their flight capabilities. This includes targeting US bases, tankers and communication nodes. Therefore, in this sense, the F -20 may become China's means of building air superiority. In this sense, J-20 is better than F-22.
Reported that, of course, all this is speculation. Only the People's Liberation Army Air Force knows where the F-20 applies to the combat command, "but it could become a powerful enemy." (Compiled / Wang Dongdong)
2017年10月21日星期六
2017年10月20日星期五
China's supreme sound weapons come from behind, an artifact is essential for its development
China's supreme sound weapons come from behind, an artifact is essential for its development
First note that the name of the supersonic weapon is more general, because in theory, most of the bullets can be called supersonic weapons. And in recent years is a very popular weapon type is hypersonic weapons.
In the case of
Hypersonic threshold is Mach 5, which is 5 times the speed of sound, folded into the speed is about 6,000 kilometers per hour, 1.66 kilometers per second.
Ordinary rifle bullet out of the speed of nearly 1000 meters per second, high-speed weapons speed is 1.6 times the bullet. Speed that is quite amazing
At present, there are two main types of hypersonic weapons in the world.
The first category is hypersonic cruise aircraft, which is similar to ordinary cruise missiles. But the speed of a heaven and a underground, the engine is used in the scramjet engine.
In the case of
The scramjet engine, like the conventional jet engine, gets oxygen from the atmosphere, so it does not have to carry an oxidizer itself, four times as much as the rocket in the case of the same fuel. But the scrambling engine can not start in a quiescent state, must rely on other power to accelerate to supersonic to start.
Scramjet engine is still in the research stage, the biggest difficulty is the ignition technology, because the air into the engine is also hypersonic, to mix with the fuel and then ignite, and maintain a stable combustion, the difficulty as much as in the hurricane The match also let it off.
The second category is to boost the gliding aircraft. It is more peculiar to the principle, is the use of the rocket as the driving force to launch the aircraft into the air, breaking the atmosphere, and then the aircraft from space again to return to the atmosphere, when the angle is appropriate, the aircraft will be like a tile on the surface of the same water was bounced, And then fall, through such a series of bounce - falling trajectory, the aircraft will be able to reach the target at high speed.
In the case of
It is worth mentioning that this "boost - gliding" trajectory, the Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen in the last century 40's theory. It will ballistic missile and cruise missiles together, not only penetration ability, and trajectory is difficult to predict, halfway can change, it is quite difficult to intercept.
At present, China's research and development of hypersonic weapons is used to promote the principle of gliding.
In January 2014, the Chinese Ministry of Defense issued a statement saying that a hypersonic vehicle test was conducted in China. The United States named it WU-14, that is, Dongfeng-ZF.
In the case of
So far, WU-14 has conducted eight successful tests. It is reported that the average speed of WU-14 is Mach 5, the maximum speed of 10 Mach.
Russian weapons experts believe that even the United States such a country, the WU-14 to intercept is impossible.
First of all, although its flight height is relatively high, more than 60 km, but with the ballistic missile 150-400 km flight height compared to, or a lot lower. The lower the flight height, the shorter the radar's warning time.
Secondly, WU-14 can change the flight orbit through pneumatic control, that is, can be orbit flight, for the radar warning and interceptor response time will be greatly squeezed.
And the speed of WU-14 will not only stop at a maximum of 10 Mach.
China in the field of hypersonic aircraft breakthrough in recent years, the first is to make full use of the advantages of late, so that other countries first "trial and error", and then choose the appropriate technology for their own development path. Followed by China's aerospace industry's profound knowledge. One of the most representative is China's own R & D design of the hypersonic wind tunnel, JF12 shock wind tunnel.
In the case of
It can produce wind speed of 5-10 times the speed of sound, the duration of 100 milliseconds. US similar wind tunnel can only produce 4-7 times the speed of sound, the duration of 30 milliseconds.
JF12 shock wind tunnel for the domestic hypersonic weapons smooth development, has a pivotal role. It is worth mentioning that, in the CCTV for JF12 shock wind tunnel related reports, intentionally or unintentionally, a variety of hypersonic aircraft model, its shape and before there are very different.
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
We have reason to believe that China has been developing more advanced hypersonic aircraft, and whether it is as a military or civilian, are of great significance.
First note that the name of the supersonic weapon is more general, because in theory, most of the bullets can be called supersonic weapons. And in recent years is a very popular weapon type is hypersonic weapons.
In the case of
Hypersonic threshold is Mach 5, which is 5 times the speed of sound, folded into the speed is about 6,000 kilometers per hour, 1.66 kilometers per second.
Ordinary rifle bullet out of the speed of nearly 1000 meters per second, high-speed weapons speed is 1.6 times the bullet. Speed that is quite amazing
At present, there are two main types of hypersonic weapons in the world.
The first category is hypersonic cruise aircraft, which is similar to ordinary cruise missiles. But the speed of a heaven and a underground, the engine is used in the scramjet engine.
In the case of
The scramjet engine, like the conventional jet engine, gets oxygen from the atmosphere, so it does not have to carry an oxidizer itself, four times as much as the rocket in the case of the same fuel. But the scrambling engine can not start in a quiescent state, must rely on other power to accelerate to supersonic to start.
Scramjet engine is still in the research stage, the biggest difficulty is the ignition technology, because the air into the engine is also hypersonic, to mix with the fuel and then ignite, and maintain a stable combustion, the difficulty as much as in the hurricane The match also let it off.
The second category is to boost the gliding aircraft. It is more peculiar to the principle, is the use of the rocket as the driving force to launch the aircraft into the air, breaking the atmosphere, and then the aircraft from space again to return to the atmosphere, when the angle is appropriate, the aircraft will be like a tile on the surface of the same water was bounced, And then fall, through such a series of bounce - falling trajectory, the aircraft will be able to reach the target at high speed.
In the case of
It is worth mentioning that this "boost - gliding" trajectory, the Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen in the last century 40's theory. It will ballistic missile and cruise missiles together, not only penetration ability, and trajectory is difficult to predict, halfway can change, it is quite difficult to intercept.
At present, China's research and development of hypersonic weapons is used to promote the principle of gliding.
In January 2014, the Chinese Ministry of Defense issued a statement saying that a hypersonic vehicle test was conducted in China. The United States named it WU-14, that is, Dongfeng-ZF.
In the case of
So far, WU-14 has conducted eight successful tests. It is reported that the average speed of WU-14 is Mach 5, the maximum speed of 10 Mach.
Russian weapons experts believe that even the United States such a country, the WU-14 to intercept is impossible.
First of all, although its flight height is relatively high, more than 60 km, but with the ballistic missile 150-400 km flight height compared to, or a lot lower. The lower the flight height, the shorter the radar's warning time.
Secondly, WU-14 can change the flight orbit through pneumatic control, that is, can be orbit flight, for the radar warning and interceptor response time will be greatly squeezed.
And the speed of WU-14 will not only stop at a maximum of 10 Mach.
China in the field of hypersonic aircraft breakthrough in recent years, the first is to make full use of the advantages of late, so that other countries first "trial and error", and then choose the appropriate technology for their own development path. Followed by China's aerospace industry's profound knowledge. One of the most representative is China's own R & D design of the hypersonic wind tunnel, JF12 shock wind tunnel.
In the case of
It can produce wind speed of 5-10 times the speed of sound, the duration of 100 milliseconds. US similar wind tunnel can only produce 4-7 times the speed of sound, the duration of 30 milliseconds.
JF12 shock wind tunnel for the domestic hypersonic weapons smooth development, has a pivotal role. It is worth mentioning that, in the CCTV for JF12 shock wind tunnel related reports, intentionally or unintentionally, a variety of hypersonic aircraft model, its shape and before there are very different.
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
We have reason to believe that China has been developing more advanced hypersonic aircraft, and whether it is as a military or civilian, are of great significance.
2017年10月19日星期四
J-20 into the supersonic invincible
Fighter 20 into the supersonic invincible
Zhu and the 90th anniversary of the military after the parade, the F -20 pilot a "supersonic invincible" triggered a wide range of outside attention.
The world is not broken Wu Gong fast, supersonic cruise allows fighters can quickly enter, withdraw from the battlefield, giving the aircraft a strong battlefield flexibility. Sonics cruise has become the fifth generation fighter standard, but there is an exception, that is, F-35. Interestingly, the F-35's thrust is the largest of the existing fighter engines. Ultrasonic cruise, of course, depends on many factors, but the F-35 so much of the thrust can not be supersonic cruise? Today, the Northern Defense (ID: sinorusdef) special writer Flak to talk about this matter.
In the case of
The F-35's engine has the biggest thrust in active fighters
Supersonic cruise is not enough engine thrust can only, only on the engine itself, the problem must first know that the engine is better than the "anti-supersonic cruise", which is why the Boeing 777 engine thrust so big did not take you Moon. The turbofan engine's outer channel not only does not contribute to the supersonic thrust, but also increases the supersonic resistance, so the more you can not reach the Sonics, the more you can. The force of the combustion chamber is "absolutely anti-supersonic cruise", and there is no matter for you.
In the case of
△ F-35 F-135 engine is being tested
So, what is the supersonic cruise? Or in the case of the same engine diameter, magnify the core segment? Especially to enlarge the channel ratio to 0, that is, pure turbojet engine, not you can cruise cruise? The answer can be said to be right or wrong, because some aircraft do with pure vortex jet supersonic cruise, such as the Russian Navy using the P-700 "granite" anti-ship missiles, or Concorde aircraft Oliver 593 engine is indeed Can cruise cruise.
In the case of
△ "Peter the Great" cruiser launched P-700 "granite" heavy-duty anti-ship missiles, the use of turbulence power to the full supersonic speed of 500 km range
That pure vortex spray of the three generations of machines do not a bunch of cruise can be supersonic? Of course not, the answer lies in the thrust of the engine than the three generations of turbojet engine thrust in the 5 up and down, which means that you zoom in at the same time, the engine's weight loss is also increased, so you either sacrifice the load, or sacrifice the whole aircraft Pushing the weight ratio, the results of thrust is not enough to cruise cruise. Three generations of countries have chosen the latter to the three generations of the ancestor of the F-4 "ghost" as an example, it is to use a large load to open the trend. So that the aircraft to reduce the load, into a speed only, no voyage without armed manned "missile" is unthinkable.
As for the four generations of machines is said in front of its engine to join the channel than to push the weight ratio increased to 8, but the channel than it is "anti-supersonic cruise." So the five generations of machines to supersonic cruise, the engine will reduce the bypass ratio (magnification core section) at the same time, to maintain or even increase the weight ratio. The problem is again, the so-called external channel is pure air without weight of this paragraph, and the core section is filled with high-pressure compressors, combustion chamber and high pressure turbine and a pile of metal, you have to metal core section Enlargement does not increase the weight, it is impossible.
In the case of
The second stage of the SU-57 engine will be further optimized for supersonic cruise performance
Therefore, to meet the supersonic cruise target, the only way is to reduce the length of the core segment, when the compressor series less, the weight naturally reduced, make up the weight of the compressor blade elongated, which is Three generations of the era of material science and heat flow process can not do things.
It is reported that the fifth generation of the Soviet fighter Su-5-stage engine "30" is the cold end (low pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 four-level compression with a turbines reduced to three-level compression and a Turbo, engine hot end (high pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 nine-level compression with a turbo compacted into a five-stage compression with a turbo, the string outside the sound should be the hot end of the compressor with the combustion chamber to zoom in, so the total weight difference Not the case to reduce the channel than in order to achieve the four generations of the engine can not be supersonic cruise targets.
In the case of
△ F -20 whether it is AL-31FM1 or "Taihang" engine thrust are 13-14 tons, F-35 engine thrust than the J-20 thrust more than the F-7 engine is also high
Another reference is that the F-35's F-135 engine thrust, although from 16 tons to more than 19 tons, but the channel ratio from 0.2 zoom nearly twice and become 0.57, as the F-35 can not supersonic cruise one of the reasons.
Zhu and the 90th anniversary of the military after the parade, the F -20 pilot a "supersonic invincible" triggered a wide range of outside attention.
The world is not broken Wu Gong fast, supersonic cruise allows fighters can quickly enter, withdraw from the battlefield, giving the aircraft a strong battlefield flexibility. Sonics cruise has become the fifth generation fighter standard, but there is an exception, that is, F-35. Interestingly, the F-35's thrust is the largest of the existing fighter engines. Ultrasonic cruise, of course, depends on many factors, but the F-35 so much of the thrust can not be supersonic cruise? Today, the Northern Defense (ID: sinorusdef) special writer Flak to talk about this matter.
In the case of
The F-35's engine has the biggest thrust in active fighters
Supersonic cruise is not enough engine thrust can only, only on the engine itself, the problem must first know that the engine is better than the "anti-supersonic cruise", which is why the Boeing 777 engine thrust so big did not take you Moon. The turbofan engine's outer channel not only does not contribute to the supersonic thrust, but also increases the supersonic resistance, so the more you can not reach the Sonics, the more you can. The force of the combustion chamber is "absolutely anti-supersonic cruise", and there is no matter for you.
In the case of
△ F-35 F-135 engine is being tested
So, what is the supersonic cruise? Or in the case of the same engine diameter, magnify the core segment? Especially to enlarge the channel ratio to 0, that is, pure turbojet engine, not you can cruise cruise? The answer can be said to be right or wrong, because some aircraft do with pure vortex jet supersonic cruise, such as the Russian Navy using the P-700 "granite" anti-ship missiles, or Concorde aircraft Oliver 593 engine is indeed Can cruise cruise.
In the case of
△ "Peter the Great" cruiser launched P-700 "granite" heavy-duty anti-ship missiles, the use of turbulence power to the full supersonic speed of 500 km range
That pure vortex spray of the three generations of machines do not a bunch of cruise can be supersonic? Of course not, the answer lies in the thrust of the engine than the three generations of turbojet engine thrust in the 5 up and down, which means that you zoom in at the same time, the engine's weight loss is also increased, so you either sacrifice the load, or sacrifice the whole aircraft Pushing the weight ratio, the results of thrust is not enough to cruise cruise. Three generations of countries have chosen the latter to the three generations of the ancestor of the F-4 "ghost" as an example, it is to use a large load to open the trend. So that the aircraft to reduce the load, into a speed only, no voyage without armed manned "missile" is unthinkable.
As for the four generations of machines is said in front of its engine to join the channel than to push the weight ratio increased to 8, but the channel than it is "anti-supersonic cruise." So the five generations of machines to supersonic cruise, the engine will reduce the bypass ratio (magnification core section) at the same time, to maintain or even increase the weight ratio. The problem is again, the so-called external channel is pure air without weight of this paragraph, and the core section is filled with high-pressure compressors, combustion chamber and high pressure turbine and a pile of metal, you have to metal core section Enlargement does not increase the weight, it is impossible.
In the case of
The second stage of the SU-57 engine will be further optimized for supersonic cruise performance
Therefore, to meet the supersonic cruise target, the only way is to reduce the length of the core segment, when the compressor series less, the weight naturally reduced, make up the weight of the compressor blade elongated, which is Three generations of the era of material science and heat flow process can not do things.
It is reported that the fifth generation of the Soviet fighter Su-5-stage engine "30" is the cold end (low pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 four-level compression with a turbines reduced to three-level compression and a Turbo, engine hot end (high pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 nine-level compression with a turbo compacted into a five-stage compression with a turbo, the string outside the sound should be the hot end of the compressor with the combustion chamber to zoom in, so the total weight difference Not the case to reduce the channel than in order to achieve the four generations of the engine can not be supersonic cruise targets.
In the case of
△ F -20 whether it is AL-31FM1 or "Taihang" engine thrust are 13-14 tons, F-35 engine thrust than the J-20 thrust more than the F-7 engine is also high
Another reference is that the F-35's F-135 engine thrust, although from 16 tons to more than 19 tons, but the channel ratio from 0.2 zoom nearly twice and become 0.57, as the F-35 can not supersonic cruise one of the reasons.
2017年10月18日星期三
China's 096 nuclear submarine will bring the most dangerous nuclear threat
China's 096 nuclear submarine will bring the most dangerous nuclear threat
Welcome to "Shi Jiang Yue Defense Watch"
Australia F-35, P-8 and other advanced weapons secretly stolen, dirty water and want to splash China!
US experts: 095 nuclear submarine more quiet, the secret may be here!
Can the United States play two big wars at the same time? The report says the truth
With proper deployment, any more modern submarine can use nuclear missiles to attack the United States. 096 type strategic nuclear submarine from the coastal areas of China's safe area, of course, by virtue of "waves -3" submarine-launched ballistic missiles attack the United States.
In the case of
China 's New Strategic Nuclear Submarine Model
The Pentagon now believes that China will build a total of about 8 ballistic missile submarines (SSBN), this way, the PLA Navy to maintain a number of strategic nuclear submarines, to achieve continuous patrol. However, this depends to a large extent on whether China will shift the overall nuclear posture from the minimum deterrent to the "second strike" of active pursuit of security.
China's strategic nuclear submarine will soon become a major concern in the United States. How will it change the balance of power in the Pacific?
US "National Interest" magazine reported that in 1981, China completed the first strategic nuclear submarine -092 "summer" level. However, the submarine did not begin service until 1987, and it was said that deterrence patrol had never been carried out. The submarine represents China's limited submarine construction capacity of victory, but did not form a meaningful deterrent.
In the case of
094 strategic nuclear submarine
China's second effort is to build 094 strategic nuclear submarines, which formed a group of more effective strategic nuclear submarines. 094 nuclear submarine displacement of about 11,000 tons, can carry 12 waves - 2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, nuclear warheads can be projected to about 7500 km away.
American scholars believe that the waves on the missile can carry more than the warheads of different reports, but in view of China's progress in this area, these 094 nuclear submarines and future strategic nuclear submarines are likely to carry this in the future missile. So far, China has built four 094 nuclear submarines, which is the minimum necessary for sustained deterrent patrols.
The next step is 096 type "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarine. There are many reports on the design parameters and expected deployment date of the 096 "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarines, and there are also very different. 096 "Tang" strategic nuclear submarine will undoubtedly larger in size and displacement, underwater noise smaller, more quiet, and can carry more missiles, these missiles can carry more warheads. 096 is expected to be able to carry 24 waves -3 submarine-launched missiles, a range of about 10,000 km.
In the case of
092 type strategic nuclear submarine is actually not really deployed, and has been retired. People's Liberation Army Navy has been using the 094-type strategic nuclear submarines for a wide range of exercises, after the US media have revealed 094 nuclear submarines have been patrolling in 2015. The PLA Navy has provided a wide range of infrastructure for these submarines.
However, under the conditions of high-intensity conflict, 094-type strategic nuclear submarines can not operate independently. The US National Interests magazine reported that these nuclear submarines were much weaker than the Soviet strategic nuclear submarines of the 1970s and made it easy to make them "prey" of US attack submarines.
In the case of
In view of this disadvantage, American scholars believe that China seems likely to use the Soviet Union during the Cold War deployment of strategic nuclear submarine policy - "fortress" strategy. The Soviet Union adopted the "edge of the fort" strategy, because of fear of its strategic nuclear submarine viability, and because of the United States, "beheaded" the first blow to the heart did not end.
China's strategic nuclear submarines in the viability is still less than the late Cold War former nuclear submarines, China is more vulnerable than the Soviet Union by pre-emptive nuclear strike. Therefore, the "fortress" strategy may be meaningful. However, the PLA Navy needs to accelerate the development of its anti-submarine warfare capabilities in order to pose a real threat to US submarines.
On the one hand, the noise of China's strategic nuclear submarines makes it easy to be found by US attack submarines; on the other hand, unsafe nuclear deterrence is not a good sign of crisis stability. As some Western defense experts say, the larger noise of the strategic nuclear submarine for the attack submarine provides a tempting goal. In a war, the United States (or Japan, or India) may use this factor to work together to destroy China's nuclear submarines. This was the strategy that the US Navy envisioned in the 1970s and 1980s; attacked the "fortress" when patrolling the Soviet strategic nuclear submarine.
In the case of
US submarine launched "Tomahawk" cruise missiles
Although the sinking strategic nuclear submarine seems attractive, but the Western scholars worry that this will allow the conflict to upgrade to the point where it can not be packed.
In reality, the expansion of China's submarine nuclear deterrent power does not have much impact on the United States. As in the case of the Soviet Union, Russia is also the case, and China has good reason to avoid launching submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The decision to invest in strategic nuclear submarine fleets is likely to be out of concern about the "nuclear goal first", the root of this idea is that the United States can decisively destroy China's nuclear forces on the ground. The deployment of more strategic nuclear submarines, no doubt China's second strike deterrence more secure.
However, the United States of America Kentucky University scholar Robert Farley that, as the world's most powerful navy found that the strategic nuclear submarine in fact, "both evil." They devouude a lot of money and resources at every stage of the design and development, and have little reward in running value.
In the case of
"Ohio" level
The US Navy has been on the introduction of a new generation of strategic nuclear submarines to replace the "Ohio" level is not too positive, although this is not without controversy. Britain's ability to replace its existing strategic nuclear submarine fleet is an open political topic. Even the Russians are slow to replace their aging strategic nuclear submarines, and the Russian Navy's strategic nuclear submarines are still dominated by the late Cold War. In addition, the cost of the "bastard" strategy is particularly costly because they must deploy supportive support forces in their neighborhood.
The more interesting issue came from the future for some time since China tried to catch the US (and Russia) submarine mute technology. If the future People's Liberation Army Navy strategic nuclear submarine can have enough covert action capability, independent deployment patrol, then China's deterrence strategy may be closer to the US model, rather than the Soviet model. This will release the water and underwater submarine forces so that they can join other jobs.
Robert Farley believes that, in any case, the existence of more China's strategic nuclear submarines will increase the management of the issue of "waves." If China and the United States have a war, the problem will arise. But do not worry too much because the most likely is that China's strategic nuclear submarines will do the same thing in other strategic nuclear submarines in their service life - hiding in the depths of the sea, waiting for an order that may never come.
Welcome to "Shi Jiang Yue Defense Watch"
Australia F-35, P-8 and other advanced weapons secretly stolen, dirty water and want to splash China!
US experts: 095 nuclear submarine more quiet, the secret may be here!
Can the United States play two big wars at the same time? The report says the truth
With proper deployment, any more modern submarine can use nuclear missiles to attack the United States. 096 type strategic nuclear submarine from the coastal areas of China's safe area, of course, by virtue of "waves -3" submarine-launched ballistic missiles attack the United States.
In the case of
China 's New Strategic Nuclear Submarine Model
The Pentagon now believes that China will build a total of about 8 ballistic missile submarines (SSBN), this way, the PLA Navy to maintain a number of strategic nuclear submarines, to achieve continuous patrol. However, this depends to a large extent on whether China will shift the overall nuclear posture from the minimum deterrent to the "second strike" of active pursuit of security.
China's strategic nuclear submarine will soon become a major concern in the United States. How will it change the balance of power in the Pacific?
US "National Interest" magazine reported that in 1981, China completed the first strategic nuclear submarine -092 "summer" level. However, the submarine did not begin service until 1987, and it was said that deterrence patrol had never been carried out. The submarine represents China's limited submarine construction capacity of victory, but did not form a meaningful deterrent.
In the case of
094 strategic nuclear submarine
China's second effort is to build 094 strategic nuclear submarines, which formed a group of more effective strategic nuclear submarines. 094 nuclear submarine displacement of about 11,000 tons, can carry 12 waves - 2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, nuclear warheads can be projected to about 7500 km away.
American scholars believe that the waves on the missile can carry more than the warheads of different reports, but in view of China's progress in this area, these 094 nuclear submarines and future strategic nuclear submarines are likely to carry this in the future missile. So far, China has built four 094 nuclear submarines, which is the minimum necessary for sustained deterrent patrols.
The next step is 096 type "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarine. There are many reports on the design parameters and expected deployment date of the 096 "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarines, and there are also very different. 096 "Tang" strategic nuclear submarine will undoubtedly larger in size and displacement, underwater noise smaller, more quiet, and can carry more missiles, these missiles can carry more warheads. 096 is expected to be able to carry 24 waves -3 submarine-launched missiles, a range of about 10,000 km.
In the case of
092 type strategic nuclear submarine is actually not really deployed, and has been retired. People's Liberation Army Navy has been using the 094-type strategic nuclear submarines for a wide range of exercises, after the US media have revealed 094 nuclear submarines have been patrolling in 2015. The PLA Navy has provided a wide range of infrastructure for these submarines.
However, under the conditions of high-intensity conflict, 094-type strategic nuclear submarines can not operate independently. The US National Interests magazine reported that these nuclear submarines were much weaker than the Soviet strategic nuclear submarines of the 1970s and made it easy to make them "prey" of US attack submarines.
In the case of
In view of this disadvantage, American scholars believe that China seems likely to use the Soviet Union during the Cold War deployment of strategic nuclear submarine policy - "fortress" strategy. The Soviet Union adopted the "edge of the fort" strategy, because of fear of its strategic nuclear submarine viability, and because of the United States, "beheaded" the first blow to the heart did not end.
China's strategic nuclear submarines in the viability is still less than the late Cold War former nuclear submarines, China is more vulnerable than the Soviet Union by pre-emptive nuclear strike. Therefore, the "fortress" strategy may be meaningful. However, the PLA Navy needs to accelerate the development of its anti-submarine warfare capabilities in order to pose a real threat to US submarines.
On the one hand, the noise of China's strategic nuclear submarines makes it easy to be found by US attack submarines; on the other hand, unsafe nuclear deterrence is not a good sign of crisis stability. As some Western defense experts say, the larger noise of the strategic nuclear submarine for the attack submarine provides a tempting goal. In a war, the United States (or Japan, or India) may use this factor to work together to destroy China's nuclear submarines. This was the strategy that the US Navy envisioned in the 1970s and 1980s; attacked the "fortress" when patrolling the Soviet strategic nuclear submarine.
In the case of
US submarine launched "Tomahawk" cruise missiles
Although the sinking strategic nuclear submarine seems attractive, but the Western scholars worry that this will allow the conflict to upgrade to the point where it can not be packed.
In reality, the expansion of China's submarine nuclear deterrent power does not have much impact on the United States. As in the case of the Soviet Union, Russia is also the case, and China has good reason to avoid launching submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The decision to invest in strategic nuclear submarine fleets is likely to be out of concern about the "nuclear goal first", the root of this idea is that the United States can decisively destroy China's nuclear forces on the ground. The deployment of more strategic nuclear submarines, no doubt China's second strike deterrence more secure.
However, the United States of America Kentucky University scholar Robert Farley that, as the world's most powerful navy found that the strategic nuclear submarine in fact, "both evil." They devouude a lot of money and resources at every stage of the design and development, and have little reward in running value.
In the case of
"Ohio" level
The US Navy has been on the introduction of a new generation of strategic nuclear submarines to replace the "Ohio" level is not too positive, although this is not without controversy. Britain's ability to replace its existing strategic nuclear submarine fleet is an open political topic. Even the Russians are slow to replace their aging strategic nuclear submarines, and the Russian Navy's strategic nuclear submarines are still dominated by the late Cold War. In addition, the cost of the "bastard" strategy is particularly costly because they must deploy supportive support forces in their neighborhood.
The more interesting issue came from the future for some time since China tried to catch the US (and Russia) submarine mute technology. If the future People's Liberation Army Navy strategic nuclear submarine can have enough covert action capability, independent deployment patrol, then China's deterrence strategy may be closer to the US model, rather than the Soviet model. This will release the water and underwater submarine forces so that they can join other jobs.
Robert Farley believes that, in any case, the existence of more China's strategic nuclear submarines will increase the management of the issue of "waves." If China and the United States have a war, the problem will arise. But do not worry too much because the most likely is that China's strategic nuclear submarines will do the same thing in other strategic nuclear submarines in their service life - hiding in the depths of the sea, waiting for an order that may never come.
2017年10月17日星期二
China and Ukraine technical exchanges and then welcome large orders, the Soviet Union on the moon by the second spring technology
China and Ukraine technical exchanges and then welcome large orders, the Soviet Union on the moon by the second spring technology
In 1969, NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Baz Aldrin became the first human beings to set foot on another celestial body, creating history and defeating the former Soviet Union in a space race.
However, during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union in the white space competition, once the Soviet people once seized the opportunity, it seems always with a series of "first" link. The first successful launch of the artificial earth satellite, the first shot to the back of the moon photos, the first manned space flight, the first space walk, the first female astronauts and so on. The Soviet people in the field of space by leaps and bounds, once let the Americans feel the first time in the back of the feeling, but beyond the people's expectations, the first in the moon on the "human small step", but the United States people.
When the history of this time to learn, small soldiers also wondering, the Americans in full swing to implement the "Apollo plan" when the world's number one known as the power of the Soviet Union, do not nap it? For a long time, this is a mystery. But in the recent mystery finally solved, as early as the early 60s of last century, the Soviet Union has been quietly in the manned moon to prepare.
In the case of
In fact, after Gagarin completed the first human travel in human history, the Soviet Union focused on the moon, and strive to create the next "first" - that is the first to achieve manned moon! To this end, the Soviet scientists made a full preparation, not only launched around the moon flying satellite, also developed a large number of landing tools, from unmanned lunar detectors to unrivaled lunar vehicles, from the lunar module to aerospace Members on the moon service, you can say everything. Especially the lunar module, not only to meet all the design needs, but also successfully completed, including the return of the earth, including all the project testing.
It is worth mentioning that the Soviet Union developed unmanned lunar landing cars were also in 1970 and 1973, twice successfully boarded the moon. Compared with the United States, "Apollo" lunar rover, the Soviet unmanned lunar rover volume is only half of the former, the weight of only one-third of the former, and can automatically take pictures of the moon and analyze the rock, soil samples, Unlike the United States "Apollo plan" as to rely on the moon astronaut personally completed.
Is the so-called everything with, only owes the wind! The Soviet people only need to develop a heavy rocket, the smooth delivery of spacecraft even if you're done. As the American Apollo program has genius rocket expert von Braun, the Soviet Union's N1 heavy rocket project, fell on the shoulders of the same great space pioneer Korolev,
However, let Lorov unexpected is that they have never been able to create, as the United States, "Apollo Plan" "Saturn" 5, as powerful and stable performance of heavy-duty launch vehicle. The reason is that at the time of the Soviet Union's industrial level, actually unable to build a large thrust engine with the rocket match! This embarrassing situation forced Korolev to have to N1 rocket loaded up to 30 sets of rocket engines, the only way to get with Saturn 5 considerable carrying capacity.
In the case of
A rocket using so many engines is undoubtedly a fatal flaw: on the one hand, the engine group between the many engines can not do the effective balance of the boost; on the other hand, for these engines were added fuel is Headache things, but also prone to accidents. The result is that this is carrying the Soviet Union too much expectation of the "Big Mac", in the Baikonur space launch site test only a total of 4 times, the results of each tragedy ended.
In 1976, the huge cost of N1 rocket project was forced to dismount, and with the Americans and then a group of astronauts sent to the moon, the Soviet Union want the opportunity is completely gone. The Soviet-American moon program, once smug, had to turn into a bubble. Giant rocket frowned abdomen is also considered, the most pity is that those who have completed the development of lunar matching technology and equipment, had to Ukraine in the South Bureau of Design of the plant is a place for forty years.
In the case of
But good things are good things, no matter how long it still can not cover up its value. Following the flight of the mother, the late bear's moon dream I am afraid we have to "pack away." Recently received the news. Ukraine will sell its lunar module and related technology to China.
I drop an obediently, this is the lunar module ah! Saying that two hair can really dare to sell, my rabbit really dare to buy! In their hands useless things, to our hands that is the price of the baby, and do not say there are too many key technologies worth learning from, even if the repeated study of the experiment to save time and capital costs, it is also considerable of.
As everyone knows, has long been the home of two Mao home to find us, Shashi Hou done the loss of the sale? This business, do value!
In 1969, NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Baz Aldrin became the first human beings to set foot on another celestial body, creating history and defeating the former Soviet Union in a space race.
However, during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union in the white space competition, once the Soviet people once seized the opportunity, it seems always with a series of "first" link. The first successful launch of the artificial earth satellite, the first shot to the back of the moon photos, the first manned space flight, the first space walk, the first female astronauts and so on. The Soviet people in the field of space by leaps and bounds, once let the Americans feel the first time in the back of the feeling, but beyond the people's expectations, the first in the moon on the "human small step", but the United States people.
When the history of this time to learn, small soldiers also wondering, the Americans in full swing to implement the "Apollo plan" when the world's number one known as the power of the Soviet Union, do not nap it? For a long time, this is a mystery. But in the recent mystery finally solved, as early as the early 60s of last century, the Soviet Union has been quietly in the manned moon to prepare.
In the case of
In fact, after Gagarin completed the first human travel in human history, the Soviet Union focused on the moon, and strive to create the next "first" - that is the first to achieve manned moon! To this end, the Soviet scientists made a full preparation, not only launched around the moon flying satellite, also developed a large number of landing tools, from unmanned lunar detectors to unrivaled lunar vehicles, from the lunar module to aerospace Members on the moon service, you can say everything. Especially the lunar module, not only to meet all the design needs, but also successfully completed, including the return of the earth, including all the project testing.
It is worth mentioning that the Soviet Union developed unmanned lunar landing cars were also in 1970 and 1973, twice successfully boarded the moon. Compared with the United States, "Apollo" lunar rover, the Soviet unmanned lunar rover volume is only half of the former, the weight of only one-third of the former, and can automatically take pictures of the moon and analyze the rock, soil samples, Unlike the United States "Apollo plan" as to rely on the moon astronaut personally completed.
Is the so-called everything with, only owes the wind! The Soviet people only need to develop a heavy rocket, the smooth delivery of spacecraft even if you're done. As the American Apollo program has genius rocket expert von Braun, the Soviet Union's N1 heavy rocket project, fell on the shoulders of the same great space pioneer Korolev,
However, let Lorov unexpected is that they have never been able to create, as the United States, "Apollo Plan" "Saturn" 5, as powerful and stable performance of heavy-duty launch vehicle. The reason is that at the time of the Soviet Union's industrial level, actually unable to build a large thrust engine with the rocket match! This embarrassing situation forced Korolev to have to N1 rocket loaded up to 30 sets of rocket engines, the only way to get with Saturn 5 considerable carrying capacity.
In the case of
A rocket using so many engines is undoubtedly a fatal flaw: on the one hand, the engine group between the many engines can not do the effective balance of the boost; on the other hand, for these engines were added fuel is Headache things, but also prone to accidents. The result is that this is carrying the Soviet Union too much expectation of the "Big Mac", in the Baikonur space launch site test only a total of 4 times, the results of each tragedy ended.
In 1976, the huge cost of N1 rocket project was forced to dismount, and with the Americans and then a group of astronauts sent to the moon, the Soviet Union want the opportunity is completely gone. The Soviet-American moon program, once smug, had to turn into a bubble. Giant rocket frowned abdomen is also considered, the most pity is that those who have completed the development of lunar matching technology and equipment, had to Ukraine in the South Bureau of Design of the plant is a place for forty years.
In the case of
But good things are good things, no matter how long it still can not cover up its value. Following the flight of the mother, the late bear's moon dream I am afraid we have to "pack away." Recently received the news. Ukraine will sell its lunar module and related technology to China.
I drop an obediently, this is the lunar module ah! Saying that two hair can really dare to sell, my rabbit really dare to buy! In their hands useless things, to our hands that is the price of the baby, and do not say there are too many key technologies worth learning from, even if the repeated study of the experiment to save time and capital costs, it is also considerable of.
As everyone knows, has long been the home of two Mao home to find us, Shashi Hou done the loss of the sale? This business, do value!
2017年10月16日星期一
People's Liberation Army 10 killer! The strongest weapon is it, Russia has not yet been equipped
People's Liberation Army 10 killer! The strongest weapon is it, Russia has not yet been equipped
In the release of the National Day film, a sincerity full of air combat large "empty day hunting" once released by the professional audience and the mainstream public opinion. The film is known as China's first true sense of the modern air war film, blood plot, intense plot, wonderful air war, bombing the viewer's audio-visual senses.
In the case of
Air combat film, in a foreign country is a more mature type of film, such as the Tom Cruise 1986 classic "Top Gun", and then in recent years, countries shooting the "top secret flight", "air war hero", "air battle" "Red baron", "R2B: return base" and other films.
But compared to the war movie of this category, the number of air combat film is relatively scarce. China is no exception, in addition to some of the early years to reflect the Korean War Air Force combat warfare related to the air war, the more so-called air force films are only training, exercise as the background, the real modern air war movie really did not.
In the case of
"Sky" hunting is to fill the gap, but also broke through the past some of the rules for the future shooting of modern air combat film to explore a new way. The film has been the Air Force, China Ordnance Industry Group, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group and many other giants of the strong support of the film more of our active and foreign trade advanced equipment participating, of course, of course, is our army's top ten killer The
In the case of
Movie "empty day hunting" in the F -20 fighter
"Empty day hunting" is the most eye-catching is undoubtedly the F-20 fighter, the film released before the release of a series of J-20 stills. Although the film did not participate in the follow-up of the J-20 military operations, but as the base of the most advanced models still have a number of aesthetic lens, let the audience address him fun.
J-20 as the film's strongest domestic fighter, its service, so that the Chinese Air Force to become the world's second equipped with the fifth generation of fighter countries. So far, Russia's Su-57 is still in the flight test stage, from the formal equipment for some time.
In the case of
The picture shows the Fighter 20 fighter flight screen
J-20 fighter is China's first stealth fighter, but also to adapt to the future needs of the fifth generation fighter aircraft, is aimed at the US F-22 "Raptor" double heavy fighter. With the main emphasis on the air superiority of the United States F-22 different, J-20 both air and ground attack capability, a huge internal magazine can carry a variety of air-to-air, air-to-ground ammunition, that is able to sweep at the beginning of the war Qing enemy air defense system, but also with the enemy's most advanced fighter competition for air supremacy, is the future of war weapons weapons. The recent facelift by stealth processing of the domestic engine of the J-20 a soaring, on behalf of the J-20 real road to go more solid.
"Flying Sky" film opening is the F-11B fighter dual-formation formation of the US military P-3C anti-submarine patrol aircraft from the sea away from the fight, and reinforce the two F-15 fighters for four machine confrontation.
In the case of
The picture shows the F-11B fighter
It is known that the F-11B fighter is a double-engine heavy fighter with the development of the Soviet Union-27 fighters on the basis of the introduction of Su-27 fighter aircraft. It has the advantages of long range, good mobility and strong air warfare. The air intercept in the film against the stimulus, people catch blood, but this is not just a movie plot, in fact, this is derived from the real case.
In recent years, US aircraft frequently in the surrounding waters around the implementation of air reconnaissance activities, the security interests of our country poses a serious threat. We also remember that on April 1, 2001, the hero Wang Wei driving the J-8D fighter in the South China Sea Shanghang from a US Navy EP-3 electronic reconnaissance aircraft, collided with the US aircraft, the Chinese fighter crash, the pilot Wang Wei sacrifice. South China Sea collision incident over the past 12 years on August 19, 2013, in the eastern part of Hainan Island, 215 km international airspace, a J-11B US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft for an interception. According to the US side, the Chinese fighters in the P-8 anti-submarine aircraft above the maneuver, and flew over the P-8 nose, the nearest only 6 meters away. From the J-8D to J-11B, China's fighters, as always, to maintain the security of the territorial waters of the motherland.
In the case of
Intercept the US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft J-11B fighter
As the "empty day hunting" director and actor Li Chen's landline, J -10C is China's complete intellectual property rights of the most advanced fourth-generation medium-sized fighter. In the film, Li Chen driving the machine has a good performance, not only and the enemy Mirage -2000 fighter air combat, there are very rare ultra-low altitude penetration and air defense combat scenes.
In the case of
"Flying days" in the J -10C multi-purpose fighter
J -10C is the latest model in the J-10 fighter family, made a big change in the aerodynamic shape, the inlet to the advanced DSI inlet, improve the aircraft in the subsonic state of the motor performance and stealth capabilities. In the avionics system and fire control system has also made a greater improvement, the installation of the latest active phased array radar, so that both in the detection range or the number of targets than the J -10A / B passive phased array radar and Doppler pulse radar on a lot. These improvements give the J-10C more powerful combat power, not only in the air combat performance has been greatly improved, but also has a more diversified ability to fight against the ground.
In the case of JJ-91 anti-radiation missiles, LT-2 laser-guided bombs to eliminate the enemy Sam-6 air defense missile system scene is worth a look, show the Chinese characteristics of air defense combat operations.
In the case of
The picture shows the Chinese F-10C fighter
In the "empty day hunting" in the air combat operations, the air command is by the domestic air police -500 early warning aircraft to serve. The reason why do not use more large-scale air police -2000 or miniaturization of the air police -200, because the air police -500 is our first use of domestic aircraft carrier platform and disc-type phased array radar models, on behalf of The future development of China's early warning aircraft.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" played in the air police -500 early warning aircraft
Air Force -500 in the 70th anniversary of the anti-Japanese military parade debut, using a new generation of transport -9 improved as the aircraft, the main commitment to air patrol alert task, make up the ground radar low-altitude blind, taking into account the implementation of the command of the air. Can detect, monitor, track and identify incoming air targets, surface targets, and the battlefield situation monitoring, command and guide one's own troops to implement operations.
In the case of
Air police -500 early warning aircraft is our army's most advanced third-generation airborne early warning aircraft
The second "20" number of fighters in the "empty day hunting" is the transport of 20 strategic transport aircraft, carrying the special operations of the players and other fighters to stay together to feel the huge giant.
Yun -20 has a domineering name is called "Kunpeng". "Chuang Tzu Happy Tour" in the "North Ming fish, the name of Kun. Kun of the large, I do not know its thousands of miles also; for the birds, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I do not know its thousands of miles also And the wings of the sky. "With this Chinese legend of the beast named Yun 20 is the" big plane "project bear the fruitful.
The machine adopts conventional layout, cantilevered upper wing, leading edge swept, wingless winglets, maximum takeoff weight of 220 tons, load more than 66 tons, in complex weather conditions, the implementation of various materials and personnel long distance Air transport mission, is China's transport aircraft to the world's most important equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" film shooting scene of the two transport -20 strategic transport aircraft
"Fan Tianbing" Fan Bingbing played a female helicopter pilot, the film has been driving straight -9, m -171 and straight -8K helicopter, the implementation of disaster relief, parachuting pilots rescue, surprise evacuation of hostages and other tasks. Which is the most impressive is driving straight -8K helicopter using the new 7.62 mm Gatlin door machine guns, playing terrorists can not lift their heads, and then wear mountains to avoid the phantom -2000 chase, quite Aspect.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" Fan Bingbing driving meters -171 helicopters
Straight -8K is an airborne special assault helicopter, the machine can be said to be hard-working "military horse", not only in the warehouse equipped with infantry, light vehicles, but also to hang artillery, with a strong carrying capacity. The installation of the door machine gun straight -8K can also cover the airborne troops down, with a certain fire strike capability.
In the case of
In the film Fan Bingbing driving straight -8K helicopter fire to suppress the ground terrorists
Why is it a "rainbow" UAV family rather than a specific model? Because as a strong support for "empty day hunting" shooting China Aerospace Science and Technology Group 11 Institute, which is China's famous "Rainbow" UAV family of her family, for the film, including the multi-type UAV real machine, no Man-machine command and control shelters and other equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" in the "Rainbow" UAV family
In the film, we can see the "rainbow" critical space long long-flying solar unmanned aerial vehicles, "Rainbow" -3,5 attack one unmanned aerial vehicles and so on. Wu Xiubo played the old pilots in the ground after the fly is to fly "Rainbow" -5 UAV, and with the air fighters and ground forces to carry out the task of rescue the hostages.
"Rainbow" -5 UAV mass production has recently been successfully in the northwest of a multi-round, multi-bomb ground target test, has carried out the AR-1 air-to-surface missiles, AR-1 improved air to ground Missile, AR-2 light air-to-surface missiles, FT-7B precision guided bombs, FT-9 precision guided bombs, "Blue Arrow" -7 anti-tank missile shooting test, indicates that this is known as "bomb truck" China's most advanced foreign trade has been one of the unmanned aerial vehicles have formed a reliable combat effectiveness!
In the case of
The picture shows Wu Xiubo starring UAV commander exposure Rainbow -5 UAV operating system
The film we can see in the base of the "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system figure. Fan Bingbing is climbing its tall roof blowing the night wind.
"Lu Dun" -2000 system is currently widely equipped with Air Force air defense missile forces, the main weapon is a 7 tube 30 mm near the anti-gun, the highest firing rate of 4200 per minute can make the enemy air target instantly into a sieve. The system and the "Red Flag" -6A in the short-range surface-to-air missile combination, can form a red flag -6A artillery air defense system, mainly for the airport, command center, transportation hub, long-range air defense positions and other important targets of the last defense, Can effectively intercept air missiles, cruise missiles and helicopters and other low-altitude targets.
In the case of
The picture shows China's "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system
The film we can see the special combat team members take an 8 round car into the transport cabin, this small armored car name is CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle. Car body than a QQ car is also pocket, but it has eight sturdy big tires, a small front of the two white headlights appear da da da da.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" movie, into the transport -20 warehouse "Bobcat" all-terrain assault car
Although the car will sell Meng in the end, but the work is still unambiguous. The car installed a 1.5-liter turbocharged diesel engine, with 8 × 8 full-time drive, and ultra-low pressure off-road tires also ensure that the vehicle can travel in a variety of environments. We can see the car who jump up and down, enjoying themselves, showing a good all-terrain ability.
The film is the basic version of the convertible, the car has now developed a complete car family, some convertible, some with sealed cars, and some loaded heavy machine guns, and some carrying a multi-barrel rocket launchers, and some even The 81 mm mortar and 120 mm garnet mounted on the body, like a movie in the Transformers.
In the case of
The picture shows CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle
Pay attention to see "empty day hunting" those special warfighters in the hands of weapons, not our army active 81,95,03 rifle, but the new sense of science and technology of new firearms. This is the Chinese weapons and equipment group launched a new type of NAR modular gun family.
NAR gun family consists of three kinds of caliber ammunition system, 5.56 × 45,7.62 × 39,7.62 × 51, including two NATO ammunition ammunition, mainly for foreign trade research and development. Each caliber has a combat rifle (basic type), assault rifle (short barrel type), precision rifle (semi-automatic sniper rifle), class machine gun. At the same time, NAR guns also pay great attention to gun man-machine engineering and aesthetic design, in the film we can appreciate the power of this advanced gun family.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" in the use of special forces NAR modular assault rifle
"Empty day hunting" for the first time on the big screen to the world panorama show modern people's air force, this same age with the Republic of the air force, has become a information pilot, the system of modern air force, and from the traditional sense Territorial air defense, support land and sea operations, to "air and sky, both offensive and defensive" strategic goal. Forget the war will be dangerous, alarm bells long! Suffering the Chinese nation, can no longer in the hip-hop intoxicated forget the pain, look around the complex crisis situation, we too need such a passion and reason to contain the cry!
In the case of
"Sky hunting" as the first domestic modern air combat film, its historical significance and innovative value is self-evident. Although the film there are many enhance the space, but also to the follow-up air combat type of film to improve the improvement of space.
Chinese people own modern air warfare film, "empty day hunting" is the first, everything is difficult, we can not expect domestic air combat film overnight, but should give more understanding and support for such films, I believe there will be more in the future More exciting and excellent domestic air combat film produced, greatly enriched the Chinese air combat film this type of film for the military fans and fans to bring unparalleled audio-visual feast!
In the release of the National Day film, a sincerity full of air combat large "empty day hunting" once released by the professional audience and the mainstream public opinion. The film is known as China's first true sense of the modern air war film, blood plot, intense plot, wonderful air war, bombing the viewer's audio-visual senses.
In the case of
Air combat film, in a foreign country is a more mature type of film, such as the Tom Cruise 1986 classic "Top Gun", and then in recent years, countries shooting the "top secret flight", "air war hero", "air battle" "Red baron", "R2B: return base" and other films.
But compared to the war movie of this category, the number of air combat film is relatively scarce. China is no exception, in addition to some of the early years to reflect the Korean War Air Force combat warfare related to the air war, the more so-called air force films are only training, exercise as the background, the real modern air war movie really did not.
In the case of
"Sky" hunting is to fill the gap, but also broke through the past some of the rules for the future shooting of modern air combat film to explore a new way. The film has been the Air Force, China Ordnance Industry Group, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group and many other giants of the strong support of the film more of our active and foreign trade advanced equipment participating, of course, of course, is our army's top ten killer The
In the case of
Movie "empty day hunting" in the F -20 fighter
"Empty day hunting" is the most eye-catching is undoubtedly the F-20 fighter, the film released before the release of a series of J-20 stills. Although the film did not participate in the follow-up of the J-20 military operations, but as the base of the most advanced models still have a number of aesthetic lens, let the audience address him fun.
J-20 as the film's strongest domestic fighter, its service, so that the Chinese Air Force to become the world's second equipped with the fifth generation of fighter countries. So far, Russia's Su-57 is still in the flight test stage, from the formal equipment for some time.
In the case of
The picture shows the Fighter 20 fighter flight screen
J-20 fighter is China's first stealth fighter, but also to adapt to the future needs of the fifth generation fighter aircraft, is aimed at the US F-22 "Raptor" double heavy fighter. With the main emphasis on the air superiority of the United States F-22 different, J-20 both air and ground attack capability, a huge internal magazine can carry a variety of air-to-air, air-to-ground ammunition, that is able to sweep at the beginning of the war Qing enemy air defense system, but also with the enemy's most advanced fighter competition for air supremacy, is the future of war weapons weapons. The recent facelift by stealth processing of the domestic engine of the J-20 a soaring, on behalf of the J-20 real road to go more solid.
"Flying Sky" film opening is the F-11B fighter dual-formation formation of the US military P-3C anti-submarine patrol aircraft from the sea away from the fight, and reinforce the two F-15 fighters for four machine confrontation.
In the case of
The picture shows the F-11B fighter
It is known that the F-11B fighter is a double-engine heavy fighter with the development of the Soviet Union-27 fighters on the basis of the introduction of Su-27 fighter aircraft. It has the advantages of long range, good mobility and strong air warfare. The air intercept in the film against the stimulus, people catch blood, but this is not just a movie plot, in fact, this is derived from the real case.
In recent years, US aircraft frequently in the surrounding waters around the implementation of air reconnaissance activities, the security interests of our country poses a serious threat. We also remember that on April 1, 2001, the hero Wang Wei driving the J-8D fighter in the South China Sea Shanghang from a US Navy EP-3 electronic reconnaissance aircraft, collided with the US aircraft, the Chinese fighter crash, the pilot Wang Wei sacrifice. South China Sea collision incident over the past 12 years on August 19, 2013, in the eastern part of Hainan Island, 215 km international airspace, a J-11B US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft for an interception. According to the US side, the Chinese fighters in the P-8 anti-submarine aircraft above the maneuver, and flew over the P-8 nose, the nearest only 6 meters away. From the J-8D to J-11B, China's fighters, as always, to maintain the security of the territorial waters of the motherland.
In the case of
Intercept the US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft J-11B fighter
As the "empty day hunting" director and actor Li Chen's landline, J -10C is China's complete intellectual property rights of the most advanced fourth-generation medium-sized fighter. In the film, Li Chen driving the machine has a good performance, not only and the enemy Mirage -2000 fighter air combat, there are very rare ultra-low altitude penetration and air defense combat scenes.
In the case of
"Flying days" in the J -10C multi-purpose fighter
J -10C is the latest model in the J-10 fighter family, made a big change in the aerodynamic shape, the inlet to the advanced DSI inlet, improve the aircraft in the subsonic state of the motor performance and stealth capabilities. In the avionics system and fire control system has also made a greater improvement, the installation of the latest active phased array radar, so that both in the detection range or the number of targets than the J -10A / B passive phased array radar and Doppler pulse radar on a lot. These improvements give the J-10C more powerful combat power, not only in the air combat performance has been greatly improved, but also has a more diversified ability to fight against the ground.
In the case of JJ-91 anti-radiation missiles, LT-2 laser-guided bombs to eliminate the enemy Sam-6 air defense missile system scene is worth a look, show the Chinese characteristics of air defense combat operations.
In the case of
The picture shows the Chinese F-10C fighter
In the "empty day hunting" in the air combat operations, the air command is by the domestic air police -500 early warning aircraft to serve. The reason why do not use more large-scale air police -2000 or miniaturization of the air police -200, because the air police -500 is our first use of domestic aircraft carrier platform and disc-type phased array radar models, on behalf of The future development of China's early warning aircraft.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" played in the air police -500 early warning aircraft
Air Force -500 in the 70th anniversary of the anti-Japanese military parade debut, using a new generation of transport -9 improved as the aircraft, the main commitment to air patrol alert task, make up the ground radar low-altitude blind, taking into account the implementation of the command of the air. Can detect, monitor, track and identify incoming air targets, surface targets, and the battlefield situation monitoring, command and guide one's own troops to implement operations.
In the case of
Air police -500 early warning aircraft is our army's most advanced third-generation airborne early warning aircraft
The second "20" number of fighters in the "empty day hunting" is the transport of 20 strategic transport aircraft, carrying the special operations of the players and other fighters to stay together to feel the huge giant.
Yun -20 has a domineering name is called "Kunpeng". "Chuang Tzu Happy Tour" in the "North Ming fish, the name of Kun. Kun of the large, I do not know its thousands of miles also; for the birds, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I do not know its thousands of miles also And the wings of the sky. "With this Chinese legend of the beast named Yun 20 is the" big plane "project bear the fruitful.
The machine adopts conventional layout, cantilevered upper wing, leading edge swept, wingless winglets, maximum takeoff weight of 220 tons, load more than 66 tons, in complex weather conditions, the implementation of various materials and personnel long distance Air transport mission, is China's transport aircraft to the world's most important equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" film shooting scene of the two transport -20 strategic transport aircraft
"Fan Tianbing" Fan Bingbing played a female helicopter pilot, the film has been driving straight -9, m -171 and straight -8K helicopter, the implementation of disaster relief, parachuting pilots rescue, surprise evacuation of hostages and other tasks. Which is the most impressive is driving straight -8K helicopter using the new 7.62 mm Gatlin door machine guns, playing terrorists can not lift their heads, and then wear mountains to avoid the phantom -2000 chase, quite Aspect.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" Fan Bingbing driving meters -171 helicopters
Straight -8K is an airborne special assault helicopter, the machine can be said to be hard-working "military horse", not only in the warehouse equipped with infantry, light vehicles, but also to hang artillery, with a strong carrying capacity. The installation of the door machine gun straight -8K can also cover the airborne troops down, with a certain fire strike capability.
In the case of
In the film Fan Bingbing driving straight -8K helicopter fire to suppress the ground terrorists
Why is it a "rainbow" UAV family rather than a specific model? Because as a strong support for "empty day hunting" shooting China Aerospace Science and Technology Group 11 Institute, which is China's famous "Rainbow" UAV family of her family, for the film, including the multi-type UAV real machine, no Man-machine command and control shelters and other equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" in the "Rainbow" UAV family
In the film, we can see the "rainbow" critical space long long-flying solar unmanned aerial vehicles, "Rainbow" -3,5 attack one unmanned aerial vehicles and so on. Wu Xiubo played the old pilots in the ground after the fly is to fly "Rainbow" -5 UAV, and with the air fighters and ground forces to carry out the task of rescue the hostages.
"Rainbow" -5 UAV mass production has recently been successfully in the northwest of a multi-round, multi-bomb ground target test, has carried out the AR-1 air-to-surface missiles, AR-1 improved air to ground Missile, AR-2 light air-to-surface missiles, FT-7B precision guided bombs, FT-9 precision guided bombs, "Blue Arrow" -7 anti-tank missile shooting test, indicates that this is known as "bomb truck" China's most advanced foreign trade has been one of the unmanned aerial vehicles have formed a reliable combat effectiveness!
In the case of
The picture shows Wu Xiubo starring UAV commander exposure Rainbow -5 UAV operating system
The film we can see in the base of the "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system figure. Fan Bingbing is climbing its tall roof blowing the night wind.
"Lu Dun" -2000 system is currently widely equipped with Air Force air defense missile forces, the main weapon is a 7 tube 30 mm near the anti-gun, the highest firing rate of 4200 per minute can make the enemy air target instantly into a sieve. The system and the "Red Flag" -6A in the short-range surface-to-air missile combination, can form a red flag -6A artillery air defense system, mainly for the airport, command center, transportation hub, long-range air defense positions and other important targets of the last defense, Can effectively intercept air missiles, cruise missiles and helicopters and other low-altitude targets.
In the case of
The picture shows China's "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system
The film we can see the special combat team members take an 8 round car into the transport cabin, this small armored car name is CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle. Car body than a QQ car is also pocket, but it has eight sturdy big tires, a small front of the two white headlights appear da da da da.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" movie, into the transport -20 warehouse "Bobcat" all-terrain assault car
Although the car will sell Meng in the end, but the work is still unambiguous. The car installed a 1.5-liter turbocharged diesel engine, with 8 × 8 full-time drive, and ultra-low pressure off-road tires also ensure that the vehicle can travel in a variety of environments. We can see the car who jump up and down, enjoying themselves, showing a good all-terrain ability.
The film is the basic version of the convertible, the car has now developed a complete car family, some convertible, some with sealed cars, and some loaded heavy machine guns, and some carrying a multi-barrel rocket launchers, and some even The 81 mm mortar and 120 mm garnet mounted on the body, like a movie in the Transformers.
In the case of
The picture shows CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle
Pay attention to see "empty day hunting" those special warfighters in the hands of weapons, not our army active 81,95,03 rifle, but the new sense of science and technology of new firearms. This is the Chinese weapons and equipment group launched a new type of NAR modular gun family.
NAR gun family consists of three kinds of caliber ammunition system, 5.56 × 45,7.62 × 39,7.62 × 51, including two NATO ammunition ammunition, mainly for foreign trade research and development. Each caliber has a combat rifle (basic type), assault rifle (short barrel type), precision rifle (semi-automatic sniper rifle), class machine gun. At the same time, NAR guns also pay great attention to gun man-machine engineering and aesthetic design, in the film we can appreciate the power of this advanced gun family.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" in the use of special forces NAR modular assault rifle
"Empty day hunting" for the first time on the big screen to the world panorama show modern people's air force, this same age with the Republic of the air force, has become a information pilot, the system of modern air force, and from the traditional sense Territorial air defense, support land and sea operations, to "air and sky, both offensive and defensive" strategic goal. Forget the war will be dangerous, alarm bells long! Suffering the Chinese nation, can no longer in the hip-hop intoxicated forget the pain, look around the complex crisis situation, we too need such a passion and reason to contain the cry!
In the case of
"Sky hunting" as the first domestic modern air combat film, its historical significance and innovative value is self-evident. Although the film there are many enhance the space, but also to the follow-up air combat type of film to improve the improvement of space.
Chinese people own modern air warfare film, "empty day hunting" is the first, everything is difficult, we can not expect domestic air combat film overnight, but should give more understanding and support for such films, I believe there will be more in the future More exciting and excellent domestic air combat film produced, greatly enriched the Chinese air combat film this type of film for the military fans and fans to bring unparalleled audio-visual feast!
Kobelashi fake pilgrimage to the Japanese weapons, land, sea and air equipment have been affected
Kobelashi fake pilgrimage to the Japanese weapons, land, sea and air equipment have been affected
The world's third largest iron and steel company, Kobe Steel's product quality fraud scandal, intensified. Japanese media said on the 14th, involving counterfeiting problems increased to 13 kinds of products, the number of buyers affected by up to 500. In this long list of victims of the enterprise, you can find Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Subaru, Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Group and many other Japanese military enterprises, and they are the Japanese self-defense forces major equipment manufacturing enterprises.
Land: Armored artillery performance shrinks
Japan's news network said Kobe Steel for Japan's automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace and electronics and other industrial sectors to provide a large number of primary products, including iron, steel, aluminum products, copper products and even the use of LCD screen alloy materials used. For the SDF, the scandal brought about the most troublesome problem was "lagging effect", because these problematic steel and other primary materials were made as tank body, barrel and other finished products after the troops, not like Modular parts as "bad which cut which," only after the equipment out of the problem to find the crux.
In the case of the SDF, these inferior materials are most likely to lead to a sharp shrinking of the strength of armored and artillery units. In the past, the Japanese military industry chain is often only extended within the relevant enterprises, such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries production of 90 main battle tanks, 89 infantry fighting vehicles and other self-defense armor weapons, usually only to the Group of Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi Copper and other companies Buy raw materials. But in recent years the Japanese Ministry of Defense to open up the tender object, looking for more affordable raw material suppliers, Kobe Steel was able to cover the relevant areas.
Kobe Steel is good at smelting alloy steel, the industry said that the company's barrel chrome plating process is better than Mitsubishi steel counterparts, while the production of alloy steel armor also has an exclusive heat treatment process. According to reports, metallurgical business is the most common resort is to reduce the nickel, chromium, molybdenum and other expensive strategic precious metal formula content, and in high temperature refining process to reduce the cost.
But "fraud is easy to identify difficult", unless the SDF team of professionals to implement the "carpet-type investigation", otherwise it is difficult to easily determine what equipment in the end problems. Such as tanks and armored armor in the end is carburized surface hardened steel armor or ordinary armor, rely on the mass spectrometer to carefully screened. Can be equipped with the problem of armor, the future combat in the combat vehicle once hit by high-speed ammunition, armor even if not breakdown, but also a large area of crack, loss of protective effect.
The land self-defense force at the end of 2016 at the end of the Jiuzhu town in Tuen open activities, there have been 96-type wheeled armored vehicles wheel off the shaft accident, the armored vehicle earlier in Iraq, there have been suspected car roof cracks. The production of the car in Japan Komatsu production is Kobe Steel's long-term customers, which whether there is no association, with the "fake scandal" fermentation, the future will become the land self-defense team's heart disease.
Sea: submarine quality doubt
In the Maritime Self-Defense Force, Kobe Steel plays a particularly important role. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ishikawajima Seeding Heavy Industries and other Japanese warships construction giant on the extensive use of Kobe Steel provided by the metal products.
According to the Japanese "World Ship" disclosure, SDF ship steel, especially submarine steel, widely used in Kobe Steel provides high yield strength alloy steel. In particular, low-alloy, high-strength steels with a yield of 550 MPa and 690 MPa are manufactured by a special process of "Ni-Cr-Mo Quenching and Tempering Heat Treatment" held by Kobe Steel. However, in 2006, Japan "tide" submarine and Korean cargo ship collision accident, South Korea cargo ship leakage, and "Chao Chao" boat bow a huge dent. Compared to the previous US "Greenville" nuclear submarines and Japanese fishing practitioners collision accident, the Japanese ship was hit, the US submarine was a slight loss. The same is the submarine and the civil ship collision, the result is so different, can not help but let a lot of people doubt the Japanese submarine strong degree of flaws.
As for the copper and copper alloy materials, the Maritime Self-Defense Force used Kobe Steel products are also very impressive. Due to its good resistance to seawater corrosion, the SDV's propeller and power tank internal pipelines also make extensive use of copper and copper alloys, many of which are made of Kobe Steel's materials. Let the Japanese Self-Defense Force worry that the Japanese ship design habits in the structural strength of the redundancy do not do "extreme consideration", if Kobe Steel "by conscience" to do Seiko, it is not a big deal, but once it cut corners, direct The result is that the performance of ships is not up to standard.
Air: Missile missile electronics
Kobe Steel's problems also affect the Air Self-Defense Force. It is reported that the Ministry of Defense indirectly recognized the problems of Kobe steel products, aluminum products have been used in aircraft, missiles and electronic systems, but will not "immediately affect the use of".
According to reports, Kobe Steel for the Japanese fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and missiles to provide fuselage aluminum frame, missile parts, etc., if the quality of defects, these high-value weapons, the right rate will undoubtedly greatly reduced. At present, the outside world is most concerned about the reliability of the Air Self Defense Force weapons. On October 5, the Self-Defense Force's F-15 fighter carried 99-type air-to-air missiles actually lost in the flight wing, and this in the air, "out of parts" things have occurred many times.
Experts in the evaluation, compared to aluminum products, the Air Self-Defense Force is more worried about Kobe Steel provided by the copper products in question, because in aircraft, helicopters, missiles and satellites, not only microelectronic control systems and instruments, instrumentation equipment to use copper, Many key components also use copper and copper alloys. For example, less than 11% tin is bronze pipe joints, "the main material", and manganese bronze to very high strength, tough, corrosion-resistant, is the aircraft landing gear and bracket "headed material."
In addition, the Air Self-Defense Force's missile engine combustion chamber and thrust chamber lining is also basically made of copper alloy, if there is shoddy situation, ranging from weapons failure, while the machine destroyed.
The world's third largest iron and steel company, Kobe Steel's product quality fraud scandal, intensified. Japanese media said on the 14th, involving counterfeiting problems increased to 13 kinds of products, the number of buyers affected by up to 500. In this long list of victims of the enterprise, you can find Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Subaru, Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Group and many other Japanese military enterprises, and they are the Japanese self-defense forces major equipment manufacturing enterprises.
Land: Armored artillery performance shrinks
Japan's news network said Kobe Steel for Japan's automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace and electronics and other industrial sectors to provide a large number of primary products, including iron, steel, aluminum products, copper products and even the use of LCD screen alloy materials used. For the SDF, the scandal brought about the most troublesome problem was "lagging effect", because these problematic steel and other primary materials were made as tank body, barrel and other finished products after the troops, not like Modular parts as "bad which cut which," only after the equipment out of the problem to find the crux.
In the case of the SDF, these inferior materials are most likely to lead to a sharp shrinking of the strength of armored and artillery units. In the past, the Japanese military industry chain is often only extended within the relevant enterprises, such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries production of 90 main battle tanks, 89 infantry fighting vehicles and other self-defense armor weapons, usually only to the Group of Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi Copper and other companies Buy raw materials. But in recent years the Japanese Ministry of Defense to open up the tender object, looking for more affordable raw material suppliers, Kobe Steel was able to cover the relevant areas.
Kobe Steel is good at smelting alloy steel, the industry said that the company's barrel chrome plating process is better than Mitsubishi steel counterparts, while the production of alloy steel armor also has an exclusive heat treatment process. According to reports, metallurgical business is the most common resort is to reduce the nickel, chromium, molybdenum and other expensive strategic precious metal formula content, and in high temperature refining process to reduce the cost.
But "fraud is easy to identify difficult", unless the SDF team of professionals to implement the "carpet-type investigation", otherwise it is difficult to easily determine what equipment in the end problems. Such as tanks and armored armor in the end is carburized surface hardened steel armor or ordinary armor, rely on the mass spectrometer to carefully screened. Can be equipped with the problem of armor, the future combat in the combat vehicle once hit by high-speed ammunition, armor even if not breakdown, but also a large area of crack, loss of protective effect.
The land self-defense force at the end of 2016 at the end of the Jiuzhu town in Tuen open activities, there have been 96-type wheeled armored vehicles wheel off the shaft accident, the armored vehicle earlier in Iraq, there have been suspected car roof cracks. The production of the car in Japan Komatsu production is Kobe Steel's long-term customers, which whether there is no association, with the "fake scandal" fermentation, the future will become the land self-defense team's heart disease.
Sea: submarine quality doubt
In the Maritime Self-Defense Force, Kobe Steel plays a particularly important role. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ishikawajima Seeding Heavy Industries and other Japanese warships construction giant on the extensive use of Kobe Steel provided by the metal products.
According to the Japanese "World Ship" disclosure, SDF ship steel, especially submarine steel, widely used in Kobe Steel provides high yield strength alloy steel. In particular, low-alloy, high-strength steels with a yield of 550 MPa and 690 MPa are manufactured by a special process of "Ni-Cr-Mo Quenching and Tempering Heat Treatment" held by Kobe Steel. However, in 2006, Japan "tide" submarine and Korean cargo ship collision accident, South Korea cargo ship leakage, and "Chao Chao" boat bow a huge dent. Compared to the previous US "Greenville" nuclear submarines and Japanese fishing practitioners collision accident, the Japanese ship was hit, the US submarine was a slight loss. The same is the submarine and the civil ship collision, the result is so different, can not help but let a lot of people doubt the Japanese submarine strong degree of flaws.
As for the copper and copper alloy materials, the Maritime Self-Defense Force used Kobe Steel products are also very impressive. Due to its good resistance to seawater corrosion, the SDV's propeller and power tank internal pipelines also make extensive use of copper and copper alloys, many of which are made of Kobe Steel's materials. Let the Japanese Self-Defense Force worry that the Japanese ship design habits in the structural strength of the redundancy do not do "extreme consideration", if Kobe Steel "by conscience" to do Seiko, it is not a big deal, but once it cut corners, direct The result is that the performance of ships is not up to standard.
Air: Missile missile electronics
Kobe Steel's problems also affect the Air Self-Defense Force. It is reported that the Ministry of Defense indirectly recognized the problems of Kobe steel products, aluminum products have been used in aircraft, missiles and electronic systems, but will not "immediately affect the use of".
According to reports, Kobe Steel for the Japanese fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and missiles to provide fuselage aluminum frame, missile parts, etc., if the quality of defects, these high-value weapons, the right rate will undoubtedly greatly reduced. At present, the outside world is most concerned about the reliability of the Air Self Defense Force weapons. On October 5, the Self-Defense Force's F-15 fighter carried 99-type air-to-air missiles actually lost in the flight wing, and this in the air, "out of parts" things have occurred many times.
Experts in the evaluation, compared to aluminum products, the Air Self-Defense Force is more worried about Kobe Steel provided by the copper products in question, because in aircraft, helicopters, missiles and satellites, not only microelectronic control systems and instruments, instrumentation equipment to use copper, Many key components also use copper and copper alloys. For example, less than 11% tin is bronze pipe joints, "the main material", and manganese bronze to very high strength, tough, corrosion-resistant, is the aircraft landing gear and bracket "headed material."
In addition, the Air Self-Defense Force's missile engine combustion chamber and thrust chamber lining is also basically made of copper alloy, if there is shoddy situation, ranging from weapons failure, while the machine destroyed.
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