The Significance of Chinese Carrier to China 's Military, Economic and Cultural

The Significance of Chinese Carrier to China 's Military, Economic and Cultural

As the East's greatest navigational country, China once had a strong fleet of dominating the East and even the world, also equipped with Zheng He treasure ship so dominate the world of super warships. But later for various reasons, the Chinese navy ships gradually catch up with the West. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic, China re-introduced advanced naval vessels, and shipbuilding industry will continue to develop, especially after the reform and opening up with the Chinese naval strength of the big step forward, China's naval ship construction into a new period of rapid development The The aircraft carrier as the modern naval most powerful and most complex sea "castle", is the highest achievements of naval shipbuilding capacity. Today, China's domestic aircraft carrier is about to sail to the ocean, it will be China's military system, economic development and cultural exchanges and exchanges play an irreplaceable significance.
Ocean deployment, nerve center
Domestic aircraft carrier will make the Chinese navy and the entire military system to better meet the needs of the defense of overseas interests. I believe that the domestic aircraft carrier is the first to meet the needs of cross-continental deployment, rather than simply to defend China's interests in the South China Sea. If the United States does not fully intervene in the South China Sea, China even if there is no aircraft carrier, is still the most powerful naval in the South China Sea, can effectively defend China's interests in the South China Sea. A few years ago, the French military attache in China made it clear that according to the experience of the French Navy using the aircraft carrier, he did not believe that China's aircraft carrier is mainly to defend the South China Sea. On the contrary, he believes that the aircraft carrier battle group is mainly in order to deploy in the local 1500 km away from the battle group, is an indispensable base for overseas intervention. Aircraft carrier from the date of birth, it played the role of floating air at sea. Taking into account China in a short period of time can not be established to the US Air Force as a global strategy to combat the Air Force, the Chinese aircraft carrier battle group will become the core of China's military forces across the continent, and truly assume the defense of China in the Indian Ocean, Africa and Latin America and other regions Of the route and the task of overseas investment.
Although the Chinese navy already has a Liaoning ship, but the domestic aircraft carrier battle group on the Chinese aircraft carrier really play a decisive role, as an introduction of the aircraft carrier, Liaoning ship, although China's large-scale improvement and upgrading, but its overall design has been Can not meet the needs of the next three decades, and the Chinese Navy from the beginning to equip the aircraft carrier, must go through a high intensity of the exercise, research and training to form a full combat effectiveness. Only to form their own aircraft carrier manufacturing capacity in order to completely explore the use of aircraft carrier battle group potential to promote the entire naval system faster to adapt to the aircraft carrier battle group to complete long-term overseas long-term deployment.
The Chinese navy has just been among the Navy "aircraft carrier club", whether around the domestic aircraft carrier to quickly establish a set of effective aircraft carrier command, support and security system will greatly affect the formation of combat effectiveness of Chinese aircraft carrier formation. From the experience of foreign military aircraft carrier command, support and security system and the characteristics of the use of aircraft carrier battle groups, we can find that the level of aircraft carrier support and security system construction is determined by the national comprehensive national strength and marine strength, Battle group burden of strategic and tactical tasks to match.
As the international situation changes, in the future naval power between the carrier war probability is still very low, the aircraft carrier battle group will be mainly responsible for escort, anti-piracy, evacuation, disaster relief and other low-intensity cruise mission, so the aircraft carrier will become the Chinese ocean fleet Nerve center, the entire fleet system and the entire cross-continent combat troops will be carried out around the aircraft carrier battle group. At the same time domestic aircraft carrier support and security system must strive to achieve "zero casualties." At the same time the aircraft carrier formation as the national naval strongest combat troops, charged with the responsibility of swearing the national sea power, must have a global voyage command and security capabilities, a set of effective support and security system to ensure that the aircraft carrier team always ensure adequate combat effectiveness The We have already through the use of Liaoning ship experience to establish a preliminary support and security system, but the system must be in the domestic aircraft carrier to be further tested and improved.
Industrial miracle, best advertising
In addition to the military significance of the accident, the impact of domestic aircraft carrier on the national economy is multifaceted, both to promote China's export-oriented economy to further develop, and for China's military industry and the entire manufacturing and industrial system development, has a huge role The Therefore, the development of domestic aircraft carrier is a political issue, but also an economic issue. On this side, we need to learn from the United States. The US aircraft carrier battle group plays an important role in maintaining the operation of its economic and profit system. The distribution of global interests in the United States can be effectively protected by the aircraft carrier battle group. At the same time the aircraft carrier battle group tour of the universal also demonstrates the strength and security of the United States, making a steady flow of overseas investment into the United States.
China's economy in the 30 years after the rapid development of the need for more robust "muscle and bone", the military power is the strong bones and muscles of the national economy. Only in this way, China can avoid once again into the rich and weak but weak tragic state. I believe that China should be soberly aware of the need to strengthen the construction of armaments, not only the construction of aircraft carriers, but also equipped with other major military weapons; not only to build a domestic aircraft carrier, but also to complete a sufficient number of aircraft carrier battle group. This investment is actually in the past in the defense of the debts, the development of calcium for the development of China.
For the Chinese Navy, the aircraft carrier battle group will further enhance the ocean fleet to enhance the ability to defend China's overseas interests. China needs to show strength, the Navy must have the status of the country to match the image of the project. As long as we have the aircraft carrier battle group, it has a defense of Africa and South America overseas interests of the remote base and the best weapons, in this regard the Chinese Navy is the last of the big navy to catch the "aircraft carrier last train".
In addition to safeguarding overseas interests and maintaining the operation of the entire national economic system, the domestic aircraft carrier is also the "China to create" the best advertising. As a manufacturing power, China's products in recent years to win more and more users overseas, but at the same time, Europe and the United States part of the media are constantly trying to branded in our products, "cottage", "low cost and low quality" And other negative labels. In this case, China through the introduction of technology, gradually digest and upgrade, and ultimately create a complete domestic aircraft carrier, will let the world understand the strength of China's manufacturing industry, the Chinese manufacturing brand effect has a very great significance.
In 2002, China purchased by Ukraine's second-hand aircraft carrier "Varyag" was dragged into Dalian Port. Then the Chinese shipbuilding technical staff began to around the ship "sea giant" to carry out the construction of the tense transformation. According to statistics, the aircraft carrier has more than 3,000 cabin, there are tens of thousands of sets of equipment need to be loaded into the ship, and these equipment from more than 1,000 research institutes and factories, tens of thousands of scientific research personnel and technical workers day and night to China aircraft carrier Work, according to statistics, the length of the cable installed on the ship to more than 3000 km.
July 27, 2011, when China officially announced that it has begun to rebuild the first aircraft carrier, the Western countries trying to conceal the guilt with arrogance, they have announced: "China will take at least ten years to really control the aircraft carrier." But the fact that , The progress of the Chinese aircraft carrier to the world's unique "China Speed" rapid advance - sea trials, formal entry, research and training, the Chinese aircraft carrier every step is fast and stable. September 25, 2012, "Liaoning" ship was officially delivered to the Chinese navy, and set off a wave in China around: 16 ships, aircraft carrier style has become a popular language and popular elements. November 23, 2012, the J-15 fighter for the first time in the "Liaoning" ship to complete the takeoff and landing, this time foreign media no longer boast, but invariably exclaimed the development of Chinese aircraft carrier beyond the imagination of the world.
In fact, China's aircraft carrier to a unique speed behind the development of China's national strength of the great progress, but also several generations of Chinese soldiers and military workers struggling crystal. November 25, J-15 after only two days after the successful takeoff and landing, J-15 development site commander, Shenyang Aircraft Industry (Group) Company Chairman Luo Yang due to overwork sudden heart disease died. Luoyang's story touched the people of the country, and in his spiritual appeal, the Chinese military workers with greater enthusiasm into the development of China's aircraft carrier, as the Shenyang Institute of aircraft design committee secretary Chu Xiaowen said in an interview: "can comfort him , We are going to use ten times the effort to achieve China's innovative, independent research and development of the military aviation industry across the development, to catch up with the United States and other military power, which is the wish of Luoyang , And the mission of our generation of airlines. "
In addition, China will build a domestic aircraft carrier will greatly enhance the entire national economic system, especially the level of the manufacturing system. China's shipbuilding industry has the ability to build aircraft carriers and giant oil tankers, in the manufacturing process of the existing manufacturing system deficiencies and defects will be exposed, which is the industrial system to fill the gaps in the best chance. In the domestic aircraft carrier manufacturing process in the accumulation of experience for the Chinese industrial system in the future to complete the more advanced ships and other super-projects, have a "learn from one another" guiding significance.
Aircraft carrier culture, exchange messenger
At the same time, China-made aircraft carrier will become the best platform to promote the Chinese dream. Domestic aircraft carrier and its carrier culture, on behalf of a country's soft power. After World War II in addition to the United States, Britain and France formed its own aircraft carrier culture, including the former Soviet Union, including the country because of the equipment carrier time is shorter or did not form a true sense of the aircraft carrier manufacturing capacity, and did not establish its own unique aircraft carrier culture The US aircraft carrier into any one port, for the relevant countries, both a deterrent, but also a close experience of the US national image of the process. Carrier is the best embodiment of a national industrial level, is the highest achievement of industrial civilization. In the face of such a moving sea city, everyone will unconsciously pay attention to its strength. Because of this, the US Navy will often invite all local classes to board the aircraft carrier to visit, through this cultural exchange to subtlely promote the American culture.
By studying the aircraft culture of the United States, Britain and France countries, we can find the aircraft carrier visit, is to show the country, the military strength and the best form of the naval tradition. China has not copied the traditional rituals of the Western Navy, but has built a unique culture and ritual with the unique traditions of the people's army. But this does not mean that the rites and culture of the Chinese navy are in conflict and opposition to Western traditions. The ritual is the most convenient way to gather people. Navy rituals and rituals are fairly universal worldwide, such as signal systems. Navy culture is the national navy unanimously agreed, naval visits and naval joint military exercises, are the best chance of cultural exchanges. The importance of the Navy to culture and etiquette makes it the most outgoing military in the military field. So the domestic aircraft carrier will become the best platform for Chinese and foreign naval cultural exchanges.
We have reason to believe that when the domestic aircraft carrier carrying Chinese naval officers and men toward the Quartet, the Chinese culture will be with their voyage spread to more and more places. Hundreds of years ago, Zheng He's treasure ship has been in the history of Chinese and foreign cultural exchange to create a story, in the near future, domestic aircraft carrier will once again become the best platform to promote Chinese culture.
As a country with just a carrier, China must absorb the lessons of other countries, should first do a good job of the overall system planning and technology development road map, for the establishment of a set of advanced concepts, rational layout, with the world's advanced level of Chinese characteristics aircraft carrier system, Only such a domestic aircraft carrier can better serve the Chinese military system, economic development and cultural communication and exchange services, and truly become the influence of China's national defense ship.

How will China-made aircraft carrier follow-up progress? Will not use nuclear power?

How will China-made aircraft carrier follow-up progress? Will not use nuclear power?

Abstract: With China's first aircraft carrier and the first domestic aircraft carrier has been built in service, the Chinese navy has completed the aircraft carrier from scratch, then the follow-up aircraft carrier will be how to evolve? How many aircraft carriers are needed These follow-up aircraft carrier will be in the power, take off and other key systems on what development and progress?
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 1: China's future aircraft carrier imagination
China also needs several aircraft carriers
Alone an aircraft carrier is unable to form a continuous uninterrupted combat effectiveness. According to the experience of the US Navy aircraft carrier, in order to ensure that an aircraft carrier formation is always in combat cruise, you must have at least three aircraft carriers, an aircraft carrier on duty at sea, an aircraft carrier in the port overhaul maintenance, there is a The aircraft carrier travels between the sea and the port. Since already have the aircraft carrier, in the case of conditions permit, of course, do not want the aircraft carrier formation on duty at sea, so in order to ensure the aircraft carrier formation uninterrupted combat effectiveness, at least to build three aircraft carriers. But the three aircraft carrier is only the theoretical minimum value, as a carrier has just started the country, but also a large number of aircraft carrier professional training and maintenance of the use of aircraft carriers, so a major used to test and training aircraft carrier Is indispensable, and now the "Liaoning" aircraft carrier is responsible for this mission. Therefore, the minimum number of aircraft carrier equipment at least four.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 2: China will certainly need more aircraft carrier
With the development of China's economy and the need of peaceful revival of national rejuvenation in recent years, the core strategic interests of the country have gradually extended to the sea. From the international strategic situation facing China, there are two important strategic directions at sea, Is the east and northeast of the East China Sea, the Korean Sea, the direction of the Japanese sea, this direction both sovereignty island reef controversy, but also related to the national unity of the Taiwan issue, or the Chinese Navy break through the first island chain straight into the western Pacific Ocean strategic corridor. The other is the direction of the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, this direction is China's foreign trade and energy input of the most important sea routes where the sea, from the national economic point of view, to the sea lifeline to describe too much, while the South China Sea and Numerous sovereignty disputes on the island reef, but also China's strategic nuclear submarines into and out of the sea an important maritime corridor. Therefore, the two strategic directions of the sea, for China's national interests and national security is essential. If the two strategic directions in the allocation of an aircraft carrier formation, and to maintain uninterrupted maritime combat readiness, you must have six aircraft carriers. And in the case of having six aircraft carriers, you can swap out the test and training of the aircraft carrier, it is no longer need to equip another dedicated training aircraft carrier. In this case, with six aircraft carrier will be the ideal situation.
Will it be in one go?
The aircraft carrier's combat effectiveness is reflected by the carrier-based aircraft, carrier-based aircraft from the aircraft carrier is the premise of the combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier's take-off system in the entire aircraft carrier system engineering is undoubtedly a very important part.
At present, the "Liaoning" aircraft carrier and the first domestic aircraft carrier are used to take off the way, by contrast, the leaping off for the carrier-based aircraft is a lot of restrictions, especially for the carrier-based weight is very strict Restrictions, that is, relatively light fighters are difficult to full of fuel and ammunition full load take off, not to mention take off than the fighter weight heavier fixed wing early warning aircraft, the Chinese navy can only use the warning helicopter reluctantly replace the fixed wing early warning aircraft, so slide Leap can only be a transitional nature, sooner or later to use ejection take off mode.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 3: "Liaoning" was used to take off
The more mature steam catapult on the aircraft carrier is now a unique US, but in the United States the latest aircraft carrier "Ford" has been used on the more advanced electromagnetic ejection. Electromagnetic ejection as the driving force of electromagnetic force, not only simple structure, small size, light weight, and without preheating, can cope with a variety of emergencies; do not need to consume fresh water; can be more than the carrier-based motor catapult 8- 15%, the required maintenance workload and the operator will be reduced by 30% than the steam catapult; more importantly, the ejection force is always the same, the thrust output can be precisely controlled, suitable for more types of carrier-based aircraft, in particular, to achieve UAV on the ship, than the steam ejection has a great advantage, there is no doubt that the electromagnetic burst is the future of aircraft carrier ejection took off the trend.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 4: electromagnetic catapult is the future development trend
So as a late start of the Chinese aircraft carrier, whether it needs to take off from the slip to the steam ejection to the electromagnetic bursts of this step by step to develop? From the current technical conditions, it is possible to skip the steam ejection directly from the slip take off one step to the development of electromagnetic ejection, because since the final or to the development of electromagnetic catapult, has also seen the electromagnetic catapult than steam ejection more advantages, and Steam ejection is not the necessary process of electromagnetic ejection, then there is no need to take the steam ejection detours.
From the current situation, China has been in the carrier-based shore training base to install the electromagnetic catapult simulator, and a J-15 carrier-based fighter landing gear has also been installed on the ejection lever, which have confirmed that China The possibility of developing electromagnetic catapult on subsequent aircraft carrier.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 5: China's carrier-based aircraft training base satellite map can already see the electromagnetic catapult simulator
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 6: There is a J -15 has been installed on the catapult
Will it use nuclear power?
Subsequent aircraft carrier power is also the focus of attention of many people. At present, "Liaoning" and the first domestic aircraft carrier are only about 60,000 tons of displacement of medium-sized aircraft carrier, follow-up will certainly develop a larger displacement of large aircraft carriers, which is the inevitable development of the road. And 10 million tons of large aircraft carriers, but also to ensure that the maximum speed of 30 knots, the requirements for the power system is very high. At the same time, the carrier needs a long time cruising in the ocean above, large life is also very much needed technical indicators. In such circumstances, the use of nuclear power on the carrier is a very logical choice.
Figure 7: US Navy Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, China's future will develop nuclear power aircraft carrier it?
Because, first of all nuclear power to ensure sustained high speed, carrier-based aircraft also require aircraft carriers to 30 knots against the wind sailing, so that the deck of the wind to provide some auxiliary lift. Second, the nuclear power to ensure a large endurance, as long as the crew's physical ability to bear, the main food and other consumables to ensure that the nuclear power in theory can provide endless endurance. The most important thing is that the use of nuclear power carrier can not need to carry the fuel required by conventional power systems, more out of the aircraft carrier volume can be loaded with aviation operations required fuel and ammunition, greatly enhance the carrier aircraft combat sustainability, which also Which is added to the aircraft carrier's long-term combat capability. In addition, the conventional power carrier because of limited power output, mainly to ensure that aircraft carrier sailing, fresh water production required power is limited, so the supply of fresh water supply is limited. The power of the nuclear power can drive the aircraft carrier at the same time, there are surplus power to produce large amounts of fresh water, so the nuclear power aircraft on the fresh water supply is open, which for improving the living standards of the crew to ensure high morale Is indispensable.
China has built nuclear power plants and nuclear submarines, nuclear power technology is no stranger, of course, the cost of nuclear power than conventional aircraft carrier, but the advantages of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is also obvious, the US Navy on the aircraft carrier compared the nuclear power and conventional power , But that the cost of construction alone, the nuclear power carrier is indeed high, but in actual use of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier efficiency is much higher than the conventional power carrier, that is, the cost of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is higher, the economy instead better. So in the future if the economy allows the case, the development of nuclear power aircraft carrier is also an inevitable choice.

Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worthless

Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worthless

Domestic aircraft carrier value worth it?
Talk about the aircraft carrier, in addition to performance, weapons and carrier-based aircraft, the majority of military fans are most concerned about the cost of the aircraft carrier. Carrier is today's various types of weapons and equipment in the well-deserved suction gold beast, staggering huge investment, in addition to the symbolic effect as a big power, for a deeper level from the perspective of national interests to analyze whether it is worth it?
Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worth it?
Figure 1: Carrier as the core of the fleet is the world's most expensive military equipment
Carrier can not only be an aircraft carrier
If you want to calculate the cost and investment of the aircraft carrier, the aircraft carrier on the aircraft carrier, only calculate the cost of an aircraft carrier is clearly not comprehensive. Because, only for the aircraft carrier, in addition to the aircraft carrier's own construction costs, but also to calculate the aircraft carrier system cost of various systems and carrier-based aircraft prices, of course, once the aircraft carrier put into use, personnel costs, fuel consumption, spare parts maintenance and updates , The use of carrier-based aircraft loss ... ... Therefore, to calculate the economic accounts for the carrier, it is not simply calculate the construction costs. More scientific method is the aircraft carrier's "life cycle cost", an aircraft carrier's service life of about 50 years, can be divided into design and R & D costs, construction costs, daily operations and maintenance costs and the final four costs , The use of the carrier for 50 years, these four parts together to form the aircraft carrier's "life cycle costs."
For the time being, do not consider the final scrap costs, the general estimate of the development, construction and routine maintenance costs. Taking the first domestic aircraft carrier 001A as an example, the construction cost is estimated at about 25 billion yuan, which is about one-tenth of the construction cost, and the daily operating and maintenance costs of the year. About one-eighth of the construction cost, resulting in the development of 2.5 billion, construction costs of 25 billion, annual operations and maintenance costs of 3 billion, 50 years of life-cycle costs totaling about 17.55 billion, and then distributed to each year, About 3.55 billion.
Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worth it?
Figure 2: Calculate the cost of the aircraft carrier, can not only calculate the construction costs
Second, an aircraft carrier alone is unable to undertake combat missions, but also for the aircraft carrier procurement carrier-based aircraft, equipped with the necessary other ships, the aircraft carrier fleet in order to play the true value of the aircraft carrier to play, so when calculating the cost of the aircraft carrier , Must also be carrier aircraft and aircraft carrier fleet in the other ships are also included.
The carrier-based aircraft is estimated on the basis of 24 fixed wings and 10 helicopters, with a total cost of approximately $ 8 billion for all carrier-based aircraft, an annual operating and maintenance cost of approximately $ 800 million, and a 50-year total life-cycle cost of carrier-based aircraft 48 billion, and then spread to the annual, about 960 million.
Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worth it?
Figure 3: Carrier costs are also included
According to the minimum configuration of the carrier fleet, at least two destroyers, four frigates, a submarine and a supply ship, ideally, it is best to add two destroyers, to 4 drive 4 protection standards. According to the practice, the aircraft carrier fleet of other ships construction costs basically equivalent to the aircraft carrier construction costs, so the aircraft carrier fleet other construction costs about 25 billion yuan, annual operating and maintenance costs 3 billion, 50 years of life cycle costs total about 175 billion , Spread to an annual, about 3.5 billion.
Since the carrier and the fleet of other ships are not designed specifically for the aircraft carrier, the development costs of the carrier and other ships are not included in the total cost of the life cycle.
As mentioned above, the entire 50-year life cycle cost of a carrier fleet is about 400 billion, to an annual average of about 80 billion yuan.
Can the cost of the carrier be affordable?
Then the annual 8 billion yuan of aircraft carrier fleet costs to China's economic strength, can afford it? According to 2015 statistics, China's total GDP is about 62 trillion yuan. China's military spending According to the data released in 2017, the military budget in 2017 will exceed 1 trillion yuan, which is equivalent to the annual military expenditure of 0.08%, GDP total 0.0012, from this point of view, should be completely acceptable.
Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worth it?
Figure 4: China's military expenditure over the years
However, only one aircraft carrier fleet is unable to form a continuous uninterrupted combat effectiveness. According to the experience of the US Navy aircraft carrier, in order to ensure that a carrier fleet is always in combat cruise, you must have at least three aircraft carriers, an aircraft carrier on duty, an aircraft carrier in the port overhaul maintenance, there is a The aircraft carrier travels between the sea and the port. Since already have the aircraft carrier, in the case of conditions permit, of course, do not want the aircraft carrier fleet on duty at sea, so in order to ensure the aircraft carrier fleet continued uninterrupted combat effectiveness, at least to build three aircraft carriers. But the three aircraft carrier is only the theoretical minimum value, as a carrier has just started the country, but also a large number of aircraft carrier professional training and maintenance of the use of aircraft carriers, so a major used to test and training aircraft carrier Is indispensable, and now the Liaoning aircraft carrier is responsible for this mission. Therefore, the minimum number of aircraft carrier equipment at least four.
If you want to build two aircraft carrier fleet plus four aircraft carriers, the total cost of about 1.5 trillion, an average of about 30 billion per year, equivalent to 3% of annual military spending, GDP total 0.048% from the proportion of military fees, Seems to be some high.
And then the US carrier to compare the United States to the United States in 2015, the total GDP of China is about 1.7 times, military spending is about 4 times that of China. Aircraft carrier, China is an aircraft carrier in service another one aircraft carrier under construction, while the United States is 11 aircraft carrier in service another one under construction, a full six times in China! Far more than the proportion of GDP and military spending. Taking into account the US aircraft carriers are also 100,000 tons of nuclear power large aircraft carrier, the relevant costs to be higher, the number of US aircraft carriers and military spending ratio, China to maintain two aircraft carrier fleet plus four aircraft carriers should not be too much problem The
Life-saving cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worth it?
Figure 5: the United States to maintain active 11 aircraft carriers under construction in a scale
Is such a huge investment worth it?
There is no doubt that the aircraft carrier, carrier aircraft and its entire carrier fleet is the world's most expensive equipment, whether it is the cost of construction or daily operations and maintenance costs are staggering astronomical, so huge investment in the end what is the use of it The
First of all, the carrier is a symbol of the strength of the great powers. The United Nations five permanent members are now all have the aircraft carrier, in addition to the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Russia, whether it is the total economic or military spending, and now have less than China, they can have aircraft carriers, how can China not?
Second, the aircraft carrier for the maintenance of the country's core interests, especially marine rights, has an irreplaceable role. China's rapid economic development, foreign trade, energy imports must be through the sea shipping, so the protection of maritime shipping safety, for the national economic construction is essential, and to effectively protect the ocean shipping, if there is no aircraft carrier fleet, sure Can not do it.
, The whole life cost of 400 billion domestic aircraft carrier formation in the end worth it?
Figure 6: Carrier fleet is essential to safeguard national interests and maritime interests
Finally, for the Navy, the aircraft carrier is now a well-deserved sea warfare, aircraft carrier fleet on the other side of the air combat capability is comparable to any other ships, with "the father of the Chinese navy aircraft carrier," said Liu Huaqing, 80 years to visit the United States, boarded the US Navy's "Kitty Hawk" aircraft carrier after the visit, said with deep feeling: "no aircraft carrier is not a modern navy!" This sentence can be described as a high degree of understanding of the aircraft carrier in the naval status and Value, no aircraft carrier fleet of sea and air cover, the Navy can only retreat in the shore-based aircraft operations within the coastal activities, safeguard national sovereignty to protect the national rights and interests of the strategic mission can only be empty talk.
Therefore, for a big country, for a ride in the blue water in the sea of ​​the Navy, no aircraft carrier how can the line? It is necessary to spend more money to be invested, but also for the national interests of the inevitable cost of investment, and is worth the investment.

China's first domestic aircraft carrier hull into the red flag

China's first domestic aircraft carrier hull into the red flag

Global Times on April 25 news, about 2 pm the same day, "Global Times" reporter noted that the Dalian shipyard in the dock of the domestic aircraft carrier has a new action! The staff member is holding a red flag along the hull and seems to be preparing a ritual. Scene onlookers military fans are quite excited: whether it is a lot of hope that the water near the ceremony?
25, Dalian weather swept away the day before the thunderstorms, become sunny, China's first domestic aircraft carrier is still calmly parked in Dalian shipyard dock. "Global Times" reporter from its only a few hundred meters away from the incense reef wharf to see the past, the ship is about to launch the Chinese naval standard silver-gray paint, flying deck visible vividly visible, but the ship has not seen To the watering ceremony usually need to hang the banners.
Dalian locals are accustomed to the aircraft carrier called "ship", and "Global Times" reporter overlooking the aircraft carrier, said a public said that the domestic aircraft carrier in the dock has been built for several years, with the date of the approaching, every day a lot of people Attracted to see the "ship" style. Another retired citizen said that China's first aircraft carrier Liaoning ship is also in the dock in the conversion and launching. He said with considerable experience that the future of domestic aircraft carrier, it should be the first use of tugs out of the dock, and then parked in a dock near the dock berth for follow-up outfitting - because the original Liaoning ship is so the operation.
According to previous reports, the dock in the water is completed, the current domestic aircraft carrier is actually floating in the water, is waiting for the dock after the opening of the dock was dragged out of the dock. According to reports, for the aircraft carrier such a giant, the dock watering floating method is more secure, can effectively reduce the impact when the water, and test all the underwater cabin is leaking. Before the United States a new generation of nuclear power aircraft carrier "Ford" is also using the same method of launching.
In accordance with international practice, warships will usually hold a naming ceremony, and then held a launching ceremony. However, the situation of Liaoning ship is more special, it was originally built in the Soviet era of unfinished aircraft carrier "Varyag", until September 25, 2012 when the official delivery of the Navy was renamed the Liaoning ship. So whether the domestic aircraft carrier will be published in the water name, the same concern.

China's first self-built aircraft carrier dock has been completed water injection is about to water

April 23 afternoon, the first domestic aircraft carrier dock has been completed, this week will be launched.

According to the latest news, after 9 o'clock on April 23, the domestic aircraft carrier dock began to water, the hull has water reflection.

April 22, a netizen released the latest high-definition aircraft carrier aircraft, the current aircraft carrier has been completed outside the hull, scaffolding all removed, or will immediately water.

DPRK: No name criticized China, China-DPRK relations will have catastrophic consequences

DPRK: No name criticized China, China-DPRK relations will have catastrophic consequences

DPRK on the 21st of the re-issued comments, not to criticize China's policy toward the United States against the DPRK "drift." The article used a number of emotional expressions, expressing Pyongyang's determination to remain in the nuclear path. The article is the most exciting, but also aroused the world's attention most of the words is that it warned that if China is attached to the economic sanctions against the DPRK, it is necessary to "the North Korean relations with the disastrous consequences of ideological preparation."
This is the last time the North Korean official media has not even named the second time criticizing China. The DPRK has published a signed article on February 23, not to criticize China for "despicable practices, low-level algorithm" to deal with North Korea, "completely cut off the improvement of people's livelihood (and North Korea) trade," and called "the actual On the hostile forces to destroy the Korean system of conspiracy similarities and differences.
The latest voice of the DPRK is exactly the same as that of China two months ago. In addition to releasing the dissatisfaction with China's strict enforcement of the Security Council's resolution, it will express its intention to conduct a nuclear test, This approach puts pressure on China to try to influence China's attitude towards North Korea's next new nuclear campaign.
However, North Korea to do so, in addition to exacerbate the isolation of Pyongyang, the DPRK will not produce any beneficial effect. China on the one hand need to continue to adhere to their principled stance, according to the Council resolution to carry out economic sanctions against the DPRK, on ​​the one hand to maintain the attitude of not attacking our general knowledge with Pyongyang, it said it, we do our.
China's policy toward the DPRK has been very clear, and it is expected that if Pyongyang insists on the sixth nuclear test, Beijing supports the Council's lack of suspense through a more stringent sanctions that limit restrictions on oil trade with North Korea. On the other hand, this sanctions only against North Korea's nuclear-related activities, not against the Korean people and the Pyongyang regime, China's fundamental attitude towards DPRK will not change. As long as Pyongyang ceases nuclear activities, China-DPRK relations can return to normal state.
Beijing has the full capacity to maintain long-term position on the DPRK relations, regardless of the DPRK made several articles, or Pyongyang out of any other action, can not affect Beijing.
Pyongyang may need to amend an understanding. Chinese academics have been circulating in the DPRK that it is "for the Chinese station sentry", so it no matter what, Beijing in addition to the strategy to accommodate it, for its unconditional endorsement, no choice. If Pyongyang really think so, it is obviously wrong. North Korea has witnessed a serious impact on peace and stability in Northeast Asia, undermining China's major national interests and preventing North Korea's nuclear power from taking priority in China's handling of complex business in Northeast Asia.
Pyongyang does not have to misunderstand the Chinese people's views on the peninsula. Some people in China have advocated building up their nuclear issue on the DPRK nuclear issue, to maintain the DPRK and China's friendly position against the DPRK nuclear issue, but this is not the mainstream view of Chinese society, its policy on China's peninsula can not produce the actual Influence. Strict implementation of the Council's sanctions against the DPRK, which has extensive public support in China.
Beijing does not need to negotiate with Pyongyang on the principle of divergence, even if Pyongyang take the initiative to do so, Beijing's official response can also be omitted. Time changes, thinking also need to adjust, the Chinese side of the most direct and effective response should be action.
The DPRK nuclear issue is essentially a reflection of the profound contradictions between the DPRK and the DPRK, and the Chinese do not have the key to solve the problem. Beijing has strictly promulgated the Council's resolution and made its own contribution to the problem. Washington and Seoul also need to follow Beijing to make their contribution to Pyongyang's hope that nuclear weapons can guarantee the security of the country and the regime.
Although international sanctions point to North Korea, but Pyongyang is not the only cause of tension on the peninsula, Washington should reflect on what is wrong. The Trump government always said that the US policy toward the DPRK was a mistake, but Washington's current approach was not in the direction of the Obama administration. If you wear new shoes still go the old road, then in order to go to the right place, hope will be very slim.

China's third aircraft carrier or at an alarming rate into the public eye

China's third aircraft carrier or at an alarming rate into the public eye

April 23 is the Chinese navy 68th birthday. For a strong army in a developing country, every birthday means a new journey. On the same day, the ship fleet from Changchun, missile frigate Jingzhou ship and integrated supply ship Chaohu ship composed of voyage mission formation, from Shanghai to Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania more than 20 countries for nearly 180 days of friendly visits. "Global Times" reporter from the development of the aircraft carrier, Dibi Bu logistics supply base and the use of the Chinese Navy and the new track three aspects of the future of the Chinese navy to make a prospect, I hope the Chinese navy more and more powerful.
What does the domestic carrier mean?
Become a big navy has a lot of signs, which has a blue water Navy is essential to a hard indicator. Aircraft carrier battle group is simply the blue water Navy standard, which is why the 2012 Chinese Navy has the first aircraft carrier when the people so excited and excited, then "aircraft carrier style" accidental popularity is the best evidence.
Now China's domestic aircraft carrier will soon be launched, and civil enthusiasm once again that the development of the Chinese carrier and the inevitable relationship between the Navy. A close attention to the development of the Navy on the "Global Times" reporter said that the meaning of domestic aircraft carrier and Liaoning ship is very different. China's aircraft carrier is the first aircraft carrier built by China, from the shell to the inside are the concept of China's design, it has a great performance than the Liaoning ship has improved, such as can carry 32 to 36 F-15 fighters, Liaoning ship 1.5 times; radar and electronic systems and other aspects of the technical content is higher. At present, the world can build their own aircraft carrier without a few, the domestic aircraft carrier is about to show that China's aircraft carrier construction has its own design standards. This is the national political and economic development of the epitome, but also science and technology, economic, industrial construction level of the master. The person also said that China's aircraft carrier construction will not stop here, will use more advanced technology to prepare, so that the aircraft carrier road farther and farther.
China built the first domestic aircraft carrier speed, beyond the expectations of the outside world. This means that the Jiangnan Shipyard's third aircraft carrier may also be outside the imagination of the speed into the public eye. China will have three aircraft carriers, the formation of a combat readiness patrol, a training for a ship in the basic pattern of maintenance.
A military expert on the 23rd of the "Global Times" reporter said that the aircraft carrier for China has three main roles, one can improve the direction of China's maritime defense operations, the future of China's aircraft carrier can not only out of the first island chain, you can also out of the first The second is to maintain the safety of China's maritime channel, the maintenance of overseas interests, such as the current Chinese navy is in the Gulf of Aden, Somalia, the United States, the United States, the United States, the United States and other countries, Escort operations; third can make China better assume responsibility and obligations, including humanitarian relief operations.
Djibouti base is expected to be enabled
In 2017, Djibouti logistics support facilities may be put into use, which is for China's "Blue Water Navy" added a sign. At the end of November 2016, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Fan Changlong, expressed his condolences to the officers and men of the armed forces in the implementation of the Djibouti security facilities. The overseas security facilities should strengthen co-ordination and speed up the construction progress and provide strong support for the overseas efforts of the military forces.
Chinese officials have repeatedly said that the Chinese base in Djibouti is mainly for the Navy Aden Gulf escort formation, African peacekeeping personnel to provide logistical support, mainly to combat piracy, peacekeeping and humanitarian relief, not to seek military expansion.
Djibouti strategic position is very important, guarding the Red Sea into the Indian Ocean strategy Long Road, Mani Channel, known as "sea throat," said, is connected to Europe, Asia, non-three continents between the important maritime strategic channel. Military experts on the "Global Times" reporter said that the protection base can significantly improve the Chinese escort fleet logistics comprehensive security capabilities, oil, vegetables and other material storage and personnel resting role is great. There can also be more space for humanitarian relief operations, peacekeeping and other forces.
There is time to enter the Arctic
In the media on the 23rd anniversary of the Chinese Navy 68 anniversary of the description, the Chinese navy from the "light blue" to "dark blue", the people of the naval track all over the six continents of the four oceans. Six continents here are still less Antarctica, or the Chinese naval track has yet to reach the north and south poles.
All along, the Arctic's natural resources are rich, the United States and Russia in the Arctic region of fierce competition. And the Chinese navy in the future one day whether to enter the Arctic is still unknown. Military experts on the "Global Times" reporter said that the current talk about this topic too early, the Chinese Navy into the Arctic does have a lot of practical difficulties, such as communications and ship cold resistance. Of course, if the future of China's nuclear submarines like the United States and Russia into the Arctic as ice patrol, but also play a strategic deterrent role.
China's participation in the development of the Arctic later, but there are foreign media that, with the Arctic become more busy, China will be more and more interested. When the Pentagon announced its Arctic Strategy in January, more than US defense experts said the new version of the Arctic Strategy did not mention China, but China's activities in the Arctic should attract US attention.
Extension and recommendation
Official media confirmed domestic aircraft carrier brush navy paint users support the name of Taiwan

Dalian is the first domestic aircraft carrier has been brush on a layer of Navy ash paint, the outside world are speculation will be April 23, the Navy Jianjiang Festival, and for the 001A aircraft carrier will be named, users are also very interested. Recently, there are sites for "naming" specially on the network for voting activities, voting results show that "Taiwan" won the highest vote.

Central media: domestic aircraft carrier has been brush on the paint seems to be waiting for a special node

@ Central Canton military: April 23 is the People's Navy set up the 68th anniversary. In a shipyard's dock, a Chinese self-built aircraft carrier has been painted on the paint, seems to be waiting for a special node.

Central media: domestic aircraft carrier has been brush on the paint seems to be waiting for a special node

China needs to use a good domestic aircraft carrier, let it bring respect and awe

China needs to use a good domestic aircraft carrier, let it bring respect and awe

China's first full sense of the domestic aircraft carrier 001A near the news of the upcoming water spread throughout the Internet, attracted a very positive evaluation and onlookers. Yesterday 001A aircraft carrier dock began to water, indicating that the important moment is indeed in sight.
001A aircraft carrier marks the completion of China has become the world's few countries can independently build aircraft carrier, because China is in the process of rapid development of blue water navy, in the near future China has a number of aircraft carrier formation can be expected, China Construction The strong naval curtain really opened.
The aircraft carrier is a very expensive strategic asset, a carrier battle group of firepower and costs, so that the middle of the country's army catch up. The aircraft carrier is the forefront of military deterrent power, but also the most active strategic tool. The construction of a strong aircraft carrier formation is a comprehensive test of the technical and financial capacity of the great powers, as well as the will of the state.
China's aircraft carrier construction started late, because we have nowhere to buy a complete aircraft carrier, we have the aircraft carrier even in India, Brazil, Thailand behind. However, from Liaoning ship to 001A, China's solid pace pound, China's overall strength of the achievements of the aircraft carrier is spewing out the field.
However, we need to see that China and the world's first aircraft carrier in the United States there is a big gap between our domestic aircraft carrier tonnage and carrier number are much lower than the US aircraft carrier, about half of the other side or even lower. The US carrier's nuclear power technology and ejection technology have not yet used to the Chinese aircraft carrier, China if you want to have the same strength with the US Navy aircraft carrier, it seems that it will take several decades. This is likely to be China's national defense strength and the actual strength of the country and the United States the actual gap.
But the gap between China and the United States is not the coordinates of China's arms race, but rather that China should keep a cool assessment of development achievements. China still has a lot of things to do, we need a century to come among the ranks of developed countries, and now just about half the way to go.
Spend money to build the aircraft carrier, which requires China's society as far vision, good co-ordination, to deal with the current interests and long-term interests of the relationship. It should be said that China has done a good job in this regard, the aircraft carrier not only in a land made out, and the public support is quite high, the overall Chinese society's initiative and the overall situation is particularly valuable.
China continues to increase strategic assets, national defense strength with each passing day, but China has not been involved in the war for many years, and this is a very good situation. Hope that China's development of national defense is to help us stay away from the war, our advanced weapons placed there, in the exercise revealed his face, enough to dispel the external forces of China's military provocation impulse.
Make a high-speed and balanced development of the big country. This is China's only choice, these years, China's development almost did not leave any gaps, national defense investment with the economic development continues to expand, the accumulation of results slowly appear. Compared with most of the old and emerging countries, China is more stamina, the national competitiveness of the fulcrum more.
It is important for China to raise the strategic objectives of the country to a slightly lower level than the strength that can be supported. There is no absolute introverted and low-key, but not reluctant to do things, so that their strategic ability relative to the goal of some more comfortable, this is the wisdom of the East, but also an important principle of peaceful rise.
001A aircraft carrier in the world is not the most advanced, its real value is that it is an important part of a strong real trend. This trend can also be an element of China's overall strength, the key is that we need to use it, so that it brings more respect for China and awe, rather than bring more trouble.
001A is certainly another milestone in China's national defense construction, there are still a lot of problems in front to be resolved, but exciting.

China's aircraft carrier has been on the arrow is three or four days of things

China's aircraft carrier has been on the arrow is three or four days of things

About the domestic aircraft carrier will be April 23, the day of the Navy Day water flow has long been heard. April 23 early in the morning, there are many friends gathered in Dalian near the shipyard, constantly broadcast "domestic aircraft carrier dock is water," the latest progress. "Global Times" reporter interview on the 23rd after a number of experts learned that the dock water and aircraft carrier water is not necessarily linked, but the carrier water "is definitely on the arrow."
From the morning of about 10 o'clock on the 23rd, a number of domestic military forum on the domestic aircraft carrier dock "news", similar to the workers are assembled, the dock began to water and other information constantly updated, and even rumors that around 2 pm Start the launching ceremony. But on the 23rd afternoon, "Global Times" reporter interviewed a number of experts believe that the dock water and water is not necessarily linked to the possibility of the same day the aircraft carrier water is not. But experts generally believe that the water injection to the dock is the last big work before the dock, which means that as long as the conditions are met, the domestic aircraft carrier certainly "arrow", is the immediate three or four days of things.
Relevant experts on the "Global Times" reporter said that although the Liaoning ship is China's first aircraft carrier, but it has a "past life", so the domestic aircraft carrier is the true sense of the Chinese aircraft carrier first launching ceremony. Water injection to the dock is also on the domestic aircraft carrier water below the cabin inspection process, check whether the water leakage, whether the security and some theoretical data and practice values ​​were compared. In this process, the water injection rate will not be very fast, because to observe the various numerical changes.
There is also a sign that the domestic aircraft carrier is not prepared to hold a water ceremony on the 23rd. In accordance with international practice, large ships into the water to hold a grand ceremony, full of full flag full of warships is a unique celebration. As China's first domestic aircraft carrier does not hang full flag full of lights, do not hold the ceremony, this low probability and low. To know that from April 23, 1949 to the present 68 years, from Taizhou Baima Temple that small fleet, to the Gulf of Aden escort formation, from the liberation of a country to fight to Yemen Island, the people of the Navy from the harbor To the dark blue, confident full, walking sonorous, so that people proud, so that the national pride! The first domestic aircraft carrier does not hold the ceremony, or quietly held, how could it?

China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, the border has no offensive weapons deterrence situation no longer exists

China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, the border has no offensive weapons deterrence situation no longer exists

24 is the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Agreement on Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in the Border Areas. A foreign diplomat recently confirmed to the "Global Times" reporter, currently in China and Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, adjacent to the border area, there is no deployment of offensive weapons and equipment. In addition, the number of military personnel retained by States is no more than 130,400 in the depth of 100 kilometers of the border line.
In accordance with the Agreement on Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in the Border Areas, the number of Army, Air Force and Air Defense Air Force personnel retained by States within 100 kilometers of the respective boundary of the border is not more than 130,400 and are deployed to each other The military forces in the border areas do not attack each other, do not carry out military exercises against each other, and exchange information on border areas of military power.
A number of journalists who traveled to the border area to check the situation of disarmament told the Global Times reporter that the agreement had been in good condition over the past 20 years and that there was no tight "war readiness" in the five-nation border region No military force is added in the border areas, and where there is significant military activity and troop movements in case of emergency are communicated to each other.
Why the five countries border area mutual reduction of military agreement to be implemented? The insider, who declined to be named, told reporters that this was mainly due to the significant improvement in relations between China and Russia and Central Asian countries in recent years and the continued increase in mutual trust between countries. In addition, China and the border of these countries have also been delineated, no matter how the future government changes, the relevant issues can be resolved in accordance with the border treaty through legal means, no longer need in the border area a large number of "Chen Bing." "The mutual trust between the various armies has reached the unimaginable height of the past, tanks and other offensive weapons and equipment have been completely do not see, mutual deterrence for security situation no longer exists.
The signatories of this agreement are the five countries of Shanghai, the predecessor of the SCO. In this regard, the sources stressed that "SCO" no defense costs, there is no military action budget, but there is no country as a goal of military exercises, and the military alliance without any connection.
Among the five signatories, the two world-class powers of China and Russia are particularly compelling to cut military forces at the border. In particular, in recent years, Europe and the United States media continue to render the two countries in Central Asia there are geopolitical conflicts, in this propaganda offensive, the importance of this fact is self-evident. The source told the "Global Times" reporter said that China has always recognized that Central Asia is Russia's traditional sphere of influence, and Russia and Russia do not want the so-called competition and confrontation. "China can give the Central Asian countries some of what they need, such as the sea, energy trade, etc. These are the complement of Russia's role in the region, and should not be seen as a competition or confrontation."
"From a Chinese perspective, although China is clear about the important strategic position of Central Asia in the world pattern, the military influence is not our option." Military means means that political and diplomatic approaches are exhausted, and China does not want to pass military options Central Asia to expand its influence, "she told reporters, see Russia because of the hard-line policy in Ukraine suffered from Western sanctions facing economic and social difficulties, China is more able to peace in the surrounding environment with great concentration on economic development as the core interest.
Recently, China's western border areas and Central Asian countries are threatened by terrorism. Will the withdrawal of military forces affect the fight against terrorism? The insider told the "Global Times" reporter, was cut only for the original state of deterrence and confrontation between the military forces, coupled with China's border areas and other security forces and other security forces, so the border anti-terrorism work will not be affected The "The agreement is important for the development and opening up of China's border areas, the interconnection of the border areas and the facilitation of personnel exchanges," she said, adding that the agreement is important for the role of the "cut-off agreement" in the new historical context of the "one-on-one" initiative. The creation of a new model of security cooperation is a major contribution to regional and world peace.

Why did Bai Chongxi refuse to direct the decisive battle of the Chinese Communist Party to determine the fate of China

Why did Bai Chongxi refuse to direct the decisive battle of the Chinese Communist Party to determine the fate of China


December 1949, the Kuomintang civil war has been set, Bai Chongxi retreated to Hainan Island, Li Zongren has been from Hong Kong to the United States. December 30, Bai Chongxi in Haikou to Taiwan, to Taiwan after only idle, and ultimately died in Taiwan. Bai Chongxi and Li Zongren always called "Li Bai", Li Zongren finally completely with Chiang Kai-shek break, Bai Chongxi chose to stay in Taiwan for the rest of his life.
For a long time, Bai Chongxi in the history of the figure blurred The history of the mainland writers have little ink on him, people only know that he is the other side of Chiang Gui war, Gui warlords; and in the history of the Republic of China, Bai Chongxi was called "abdication" Chiang Kai-shek abdicated, to Taiwan after unsuccessful. In Bai Xianyong book "father and the Republic of China - Bai Chongxi general figure", he Bai Chongxi's life and the entire Republic of history connected to clarify the outside world on Bai Congxi misunderstanding, combing his complex relationship with Chiang Kai-shek. The history of the two sides are blurred figure, slowly clear out.
Why did Bai Chongxi refuse to direct the decisive battle of the Chinese Communist Party to determine the fate of China
In 1938, Bai Chongxi participated in the Wuhan Military Conference, according to the old map
The Cause of the War
Bai Xianyong was originally prepared to write his father "Yang worthy days", written with the finishing out of more than 500 and Bai Chongxi related historical photos. Holding the "photo to show the true history" of the idea, Bai Xianyong first photo collection published around the photo introduction Bai Chongxi life. Although only the photos, but has been able to feel the thrilling history of the Republic of China.
During the Northern Expedition, Bai Chongxi was the Chief of Staff of the Revolutionary Army, once with the Guangxi Army into Beijing, 1927 to complete the situation to reverse the Northern Expedition, "Longtan battle", this is the hero. The end of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek on the adoption of Yang Yongtai "cut fan" proposal, ready to dissolve the Northern Expedition of the army. At this time, the Wuhan side of the young cadres of the northern group of Hubei Hu Zongduo, Tao Jun and other fought in Hunan attack Lu Ping Ping, resulting in the so-called "Hunan", although Li Zongren Bai Chongxi tried to extinguish the fire, the lifting of Hu Tao soldiers, But Chiang Kai-shek "Gui Gui" policy has been set, even more secretly operate Bai Chongxi army tactics. Bai Chongxi's National Revolutionary Army fourth group army for the Tang Shengzhi old department, Chiang Kai-shek bought Tang Shengzhi dive to Pingjin, policy against white Chongxi department. Eventually Jiang Gui war broke out, Lee, white was designated as "rebel", Bai Chongxi even flee to Annan. Northern expedition, Bai Chongxi just 35 years old, high-spirited, and instantly changed from the hero to "rebel."
Since Chiang Kai-shek and Gui began to oppose for nearly a decade, until the "July 7 Incident", Chiang Kai-shek called on the national anti-Japanese, Bai Chongxi response, and Chiang Kai-shek again, command or participate in the command of the Shanghai tour, Taier Zhuang, And so on these famous battles, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War by the National Government Qingtian day the highest medal.
Refused to command Xu clam war
The victory of the war, the civil war began, between spring and summer of 1946, the KMT and the CPC in the long road on the military town of Siping Street to start a large-scale positional warfare. Both sides of the set of 10 million, Bai Xianyong said it was "the Kuomintang civil war began the largest positive combat." Warfare fierce, the two sides are cutting the occasion, Chiang Kai-shek sent Bai Chongxi on May 17 to the northeast of the war, command Du Yuming, and its new six army, new army, seventy-one army captured Siping Street, and continue to attack Changchun. Lin Biao troops could not hold, to the Songhua River north shore of Harbin retreat. Bai Chongxi flew back to Nanjing, reported to Chiang Kai-shek war situation, advocated the Kuomintang army victory, occupation of Harbin, Qiqihar, Jiamusi and other cities, won the Northeast. At that time Sun Liren rate army army new army, has been over the Songhua River north shore, arrived in Shuangcheng, less than 100 kilometers away from Harbin, Mao ordered Lin Biao ready to abandon Harbin. On June 6, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the truce (known as the second truce). Lin Biao then have the opportunity to counterattack the whole army, the northeast situation reversed.
Many of the Kuomintang people on the victory of Siping Street and the subsequent reversal of the war, that the Northeast affected the whole civil war results. Bai Xianyong in 2011 in the "warm" magazine specifically wrote "post-war dispute in the Northeast" in detail the war in the Northeast. Qi Bangyuan in the "giant river" also mentioned his father Qi Shiying regret the Northeast. Bai Xianyong that Chiang Kai-shek unilaterally ordered the cease-fire for two reasons: one is the United States hope that the Kuomintang peace, the organization of the coalition government, Marshall has been mediation, to Chiang Kai-shek pressure requirements of the truce, and even several times that broadcast, ; On the other hand Chiang Kai-shek himself also have to judge the error, he thought Lin Biao has been defeated, no fighting, stop playing again to win, did not expect the army to fight back success.
In April 1948, Li Zongren was elected "vice president" success, May Bai Chongxi by the Secretary of Defense was appointed "commander in chief of the Chinese army". Bai Chongxi took office after the "Shoujiang will first keep the Huai", the proposed "Huazhong suppression of total" located close to Nanjing Bengbu, in Xuzhou, Bengbu between the Jianghuai Mountains, the use of offensive defense, adhere to long-term combat; also pointed out that the Central Plains must Unified command, can not be divided use, made in Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi five provinces defense. When the appointment was published, Bai Chongxi's idea of ​​"five provinces" was not realized. Chiang Kai-shek divided the Central China War zone into two areas. The "Central China" Imagine being completely disrupted. He is also considered Xuzhou easy to attack, not suitable for the command center, Liu Zhi is not a first-class war, directly under the judge: "the Central Plains army division use, the future will be no doubt!" Bai Chongxi did not accept the appointment, Chiang Kai-shek sent more people to Shanghai to urge, barely to Hankou took office.
In October 1948, the Huaihai Campaign (the Kuomintang side called "Xu clam war") has not yet begun, because the Kuomintang army in the northeast defeat, He Yingqin, Gu Zhutong held a military conference in Nanjing, hope Bai Chongxi can come out unified command Hankou Xuzhou two " total". Bai Xianyong book said, on October 30 Bai Chongxi from Hankou back to Nanjing, the day looks quite confident, the next day suddenly refused to accept the unified command. Bai Chongxi found Xuzhou "destroy the total" has long been the main force of several troops deployed in Xuzhou as the center of the Longhai Railway and Jinpu railway line, the word lined up to become a "dead cross", Xuzhou plains According to the war once easy to break the enemy, the war is imminent, to relocate hundreds of thousands of troops is no longer possible. Plus Xuzhou "destroy the total" generals Qiu Qingquan, Huang Bo Tao, Li and others are Chiang Kai-shek's Huangpu love, Bai Chongxi had not and their origin, it is difficult to command.
Bai Xianyong's comment on "refusing to command" is: "The decision made by the father on the evening of October 30, refused to command the battle of Xu clam, may be his life the most difficult, but afterwards seems to be the most sensible of a choice ... ... Xu clan battle , Is the Kuomintang civil war the final victory and defeat of a battle, the success or failure of a non-father can play. Afterwards it seems not just military, he made this decision, the need for great courage and wisdom. If the beginning of the beginning of Chiang Kai-shek will use his father 'Shoujiang will first Huai Huai', set to 'destroy the total' in Bengbu, unified command by the father, I am afraid the outcome of the war will not be so. , Chiang does not understand. "

China will help Djibouti to "shed" into a happy area

China will help Djibouti to "shed" into a happy area

Soon, China's investment will turn the smallest country of Djibouti's Horn of Africa into a tourist's Mecca.
Reported that China began to build port in Djibouti after the development of the country's tourism potential to become another large-scale projects in China. Chinese investors are interested in the coast of the Lhasa Peninsula in the Mande Strait. Arabic "Mande" means "tears". The strait was named after all the dangers of crossing the sea. The Chinese investor intends to develop the area between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. China built a base in Djibouti, its purpose is to combat the existence of this area of ​​pirate phenomenon. The coast is only 20 kilometers from Yemen Bay. Although the country is a potentially volatile source in the region, it does not scare the Chinese business community. This year has eight investors 3 times to study the possibility of investment.
According to the plan, will be built here luxury hotel. And on the other side of the peninsula will build the airport. Not far from the tower of Jura Bay, is the shark breeding period parade area. This makes one of the world's most suitable areas for observing large sea fish in this area.
The report also said that China has become the largest foreign investment in Djibouti, although the US and French military bases than China built earlier, the Japanese warships are often admitted to Hong Kong. At present, any government in Djibouti has not published specific data on China's investment, but can clearly feel the existence of Chinese capital. Among them, if there is no investment in China, then Djibouti on their own economic development will never be able to lay out from Ethiopia cross-border water pipes. This pipeline provides freshwater protection for local residents and foreign tourists. In April, multi-purpose port construction will be completed, China has invested billions of dollars. The port is connected by modern railways to Ethiopia and then to most East African countries. In January this year, the railroad began operations and produced economic effects, including benefits from leading to many Djibouti monuments.
According to the plan, China's military base construction will be completed by the end of this year. In the maintenance of Chinese capital in Djibouti and Africa, the military port will play an important role. Expert Alexander Lalin said in a satellite interview.
He said: "The construction of military facilities means that the two countries are close to the political field, and the military base is an important component of this proximity, which shows that the Djibouti government will treat Chinese capital and create a more trusted political environment, Can make better use of China's capital. The presence of military bases can make China provide more reliable protection and economic risks for the economic interests of the country in the region.Military base is both a guarantee and an unavoidable political China's capital in Africa is very positive, its enthusiasm has been more than the United States.I think that China will continue to solve the geopolitical issues of the military Construction and investment in the civil construction undertaken by the combination.

CZ-5: China's largest carrying capacity of the rocket

Long March 5: China's largest carrying capacity of the rocket

November 3, 2016, China's new generation of large launch vehicle Long March 5, the first launch of the success of a significant impact at home and abroad. It is China's current thrust of the largest launch vehicle. Its geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 13 tons, near-Earth orbit carrying capacity of 25 tons, which than China's active rocket carrying capacity increased by 2.5 times, the overall performance of the rocket and the overall technology reached the international advanced level.
Long March 5 in the domestic carrier rocket for the first time using a 5-meter-diameter structure, the first use of non-toxic non-polluting liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen and liquid oxygen / kerosene engine combination take-off program, and thus extremely large. Previously, the Chinese rocket core diameter is 3.35 meters. As the sturdy body, so the Long March 5 nickname called "fat five". The reason why the sturdy body is to accommodate more propellant, resulting in greater thrust. This can also reduce the rocket series, thereby reducing the number of rocket separation, improve the reliability of the rocket.
The rocket core level, core two rocket engines are used liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen fuel, and booster with liquid oxygen / kerosene fuel. This combination of two non-toxic non-polluting low-temperature fuel engine combination take-off program in China is the first time. Why is this complex combination of takeoff programs, which is due to the core level, the core two working hours long, so the appropriate use of high than the liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen power system; booster working time is relatively short, so suitable The use of large thrust, propellant density of liquid oxygen / kerosene power system, the engine density ratio increased. With this option, the minimum size of the launch vehicle, the use of the smallest number of engines, which can effectively improve the carrying capacity and carrying efficiency.
The core level of all the use of low-temperature propellant, which in the development of China's rocket development history is the first time. As the liquid hydrogen temperature of -253 ℃, liquid oxygen -183 ℃, so the Long March 5 is much lower than the freezing point of the ultra-low temperature, is worthy of the name "Frostbolt." Because of its combustion is the water, so to achieve a non-toxic, non-polluting, which also marks the launch of the rocket in China's reliability, safety, adaptability and environmental friendliness and on a new level.
Long March 5 series rocket using "a series, two engines, three modules," the general idea, the implementation of the "universal, modular, serialized" design ideas. "Two engines" refers to the development of 50 tons of liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen engine and 120 tons of liquid oxygen / kerosene engine; "three modules" is equipped with two 50 tons of liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen engine 5 meters diameter module, Equipped with 2 sets of 120 tons of liquid oxygen / kerosene engine 3.35 meters diameter module, equipped with a 120 tons of liquid oxygen / kerosene engine 2.25 meters diameter module. Modular design ideas can be used to achieve technical sharing, improve reliability, save costs and shorten the development cycle.
The rocket in the implementation of the Earth synchronous transfer orbit launch task using two semi-configuration rocket direct access, in the implementation of near-Earth orbit launch mission using a semi-configuration rocket direct access. This not only greatly improves the carrying capacity, but also can reduce the cost. The so-called half-level refers to the bundled booster.
This series of rockets has six configurations, of which two and a half-configuration and a semi-configuration of the three, they were bundled with two 2.25-meter diameter booster (each booster with a 120 tons Liquid oxygen / kerosene engine) and two 3.35 meter diameter boosters (each booster with two 120-ton liquid oxygen / kerosene engines), bundled with four 3.35-meter diameter boosters (each booster 2 sets of 120 tons of liquid oxygen / kerosene engine), bundled with four 2.25 meter diameter boosters (each booster with a 120 tons of liquid oxygen / kerosene engine). In the two types of configuration is the biggest thrust of the following two:
One is tied with four 3.35 m booster two and a half configuration. Its core level, two diameter are 5 meters. Core level with a 5-meter diameter module; core two with two 9-ton thrust liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen bound; core level also bundled four 3.35 meters diameter module. Its geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 14 tons. It is mainly the implementation of the Earth synchronous transfer orbit spacecraft launch mission, the first shot of the Long March 5 is the use of this, 2017 launch of the Chang'e 5 moon sampling return of the Long March 5 rocket is also used this.
Another is in the program on the basis of the removal of the second level. Its near-Earth orbit carrying capacity of 25 tons. It mainly carries out the launch mission of the near-Earth orbit spacecraft, which will be launched in 2019 at the 20-ton space station.
The first launch of the Long March 5 rocket equipped with three kinds of 12 new large thrust engines, they are used non-toxic pollution-free propulsion technology, and are China's largest thrust liquid oxygen / kerosene engine, the maximum thrust of liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen Engine and the highest performance of the rocket engine.
The core level of two 50 tons of liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen engine in the international similar engine in the advanced level, so that the overall level of China's liquid rocket propulsion technology across a large step. The engine has the following characteristics.
First, carrying high efficiency. It is the highest energy fuel in rocket chemical propellants, up to 465 seconds faster than the conventional fuel engine performance by about 50%.
Second, the thrust is very large. Compared with the active liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen engine, 50 tons of liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen engine vacuum thrust is 9 times, the thrust chamber chamber pressure is 2.7 times, hydrogen turbine pump power is 15 times, oxygen turbine power Is its 20 times, is China's current launch of the rocket family "leader".
Third, green is very environmentally friendly. Its combustion products for the cleanliness of 99.99% of pure water, with green, zero carbon emissions, etc., is the world's smallest emission models, the most green of the engine, so the Long March 5 launch vehicle has also been a "green rocket."
Two 9-ton liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen engines on the core are the first hydrogen-oxygen engines in China with advanced closed-loop expansion, and are currently the largest rocket engines in China that can greatly improve the engine's own reliability Sex, can be launched several times, boost the rocket into the Earth transfer orbit.
4 boosters on the eight 120 tons of liquid oxygen / kerosene engine is China's single largest thrust, the most advanced technology, the application of the most promising new power plant, to fill the Chinese fuel cycle engine technology gaps, so that China has become the world The second master of the high-pressure combustion cycle of liquid oxygen kerosene engine technology in the country.
According to the serialization and combination of ideas, the Long March 5 series carrier rocket for the first time to achieve the six configurations at the same time to carry out the overall design, successfully resolved the six configurations at the same time optimization and design problems.
Long March 5 rocket for the first time using a 5-meter diameter large body structure. 5 m diameter Large body structure is not only a simple amplification of the structural dimensions, but also from the structural form, material selection, manufacturing process, manufacturing tooling, test verification system thoroughly reform. Through the development of the Long March 5 rocket, not only China has mastered the design and manufacturing capacity of the 5-meter diameter structure, but also broke through the thousands of tons of static test technology, while large-scale structural manufacturing also led to the material, machining, heat treatment, welding, Testing and other equipment manufacturing industry development.
In 2017, China will use the Long March 5 rocket were launched with Dongfanghong 5 new generation of large-scale satellite platform practice 18 communications satellite and Chang'e 5 moon sampling return device, 2019 will be the Long March 5 rocket began to launch Three 20-ton space station cabin, 2020 will use the Long March 5 rocket launch China's first Mars probe. It can also be used to launch large earth-rail large loads and other deep-space exploration mission loads, while laying a good foundation for the development of heavy rockets for future manned lunches in China.
Long March 5 will achieve a substantial leap forward of China's rocket carrying capacity for China's follow-up national major space project tasks to provide high reliability, low cost, non-toxic pollution, adaptability, good security, high carrying capacity of advanced delivery tools.