First note that the name of the supersonic weapon is more general, because in theory, most of the bullets can be called supersonic weapons. And in recent years is a very popular weapon type is hypersonic weapons.
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Hypersonic threshold is Mach 5, which is 5 times the speed of sound, folded into the speed is about 6,000 kilometers per hour, 1.66 kilometers per second.
Ordinary rifle bullet out of the speed of nearly 1000 meters per second, high-speed weapons speed is 1.6 times the bullet. Speed that is quite amazing
At present, there are two main types of hypersonic weapons in the world.
The first category is hypersonic cruise aircraft, which is similar to ordinary cruise missiles. But the speed of a heaven and a underground, the engine is used in the scramjet engine.
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The scramjet engine, like the conventional jet engine, gets oxygen from the atmosphere, so it does not have to carry an oxidizer itself, four times as much as the rocket in the case of the same fuel. But the scrambling engine can not start in a quiescent state, must rely on other power to accelerate to supersonic to start.
Scramjet engine is still in the research stage, the biggest difficulty is the ignition technology, because the air into the engine is also hypersonic, to mix with the fuel and then ignite, and maintain a stable combustion, the difficulty as much as in the hurricane The match also let it off.
The second category is to boost the gliding aircraft. It is more peculiar to the principle, is the use of the rocket as the driving force to launch the aircraft into the air, breaking the atmosphere, and then the aircraft from space again to return to the atmosphere, when the angle is appropriate, the aircraft will be like a tile on the surface of the same water was bounced, And then fall, through such a series of bounce - falling trajectory, the aircraft will be able to reach the target at high speed.
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It is worth mentioning that this "boost - gliding" trajectory, the Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen in the last century 40's theory. It will ballistic missile and cruise missiles together, not only penetration ability, and trajectory is difficult to predict, halfway can change, it is quite difficult to intercept.
At present, China's research and development of hypersonic weapons is used to promote the principle of gliding.
In January 2014, the Chinese Ministry of Defense issued a statement saying that a hypersonic vehicle test was conducted in China. The United States named it WU-14, that is, Dongfeng-ZF.
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So far, WU-14 has conducted eight successful tests. It is reported that the average speed of WU-14 is Mach 5, the maximum speed of 10 Mach.
Russian weapons experts believe that even the United States such a country, the WU-14 to intercept is impossible.
First of all, although its flight height is relatively high, more than 60 km, but with the ballistic missile 150-400 km flight height compared to, or a lot lower. The lower the flight height, the shorter the radar's warning time.
Secondly, WU-14 can change the flight orbit through pneumatic control, that is, can be orbit flight, for the radar warning and interceptor response time will be greatly squeezed.
And the speed of WU-14 will not only stop at a maximum of 10 Mach.
China in the field of hypersonic aircraft breakthrough in recent years, the first is to make full use of the advantages of late, so that other countries first "trial and error", and then choose the appropriate technology for their own development path. Followed by China's aerospace industry's profound knowledge. One of the most representative is China's own R & D design of the hypersonic wind tunnel, JF12 shock wind tunnel.
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It can produce wind speed of 5-10 times the speed of sound, the duration of 100 milliseconds. US similar wind tunnel can only produce 4-7 times the speed of sound, the duration of 30 milliseconds.
JF12 shock wind tunnel for the domestic hypersonic weapons smooth development, has a pivotal role. It is worth mentioning that, in the CCTV for JF12 shock wind tunnel related reports, intentionally or unintentionally, a variety of hypersonic aircraft model, its shape and before there are very different.
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We have reason to believe that China has been developing more advanced hypersonic aircraft, and whether it is as a military or civilian, are of great significance.
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