J-20 is better than F-22 US media commentary on China's latest stealth fighter performance
(Original title: F -20 better than F-22? US media commentary China's latest stealth fighter performance)
According to the US "national interest" website reported on October 2, China is likely to be the only 50 years in the United States evenly matched opponents. Although the conflict is unlikely to occur but the United States must make the worst plan.
In all modern conventional wars, air power and air superiority will play an important role. For the United States, Lockheed Martin's F-22 "Raptor" stealth fighter will always be the best weapon to ensure air superiority until it is eventually replaced by the US Air Force F-X program.
Reported that China's closest "Raptor" fighter is the F-20 fighter. How will such a plane fight against the best models in the United States?
At present, China's understanding of this aircraft is not much. In the traditional sense, it does not even belong to the scope of fighter aircraft. It may be specifically designed to attack the United States in the Western Pacific power delivery capacity of the aircraft, which is China's "anti-intervention / regional refusal" part of the strategy. The performance of this aircraft may be optimized to combat US Army tankers, airborne early warning aircraft, joint surveillance and target attack radar system (JSTARS) aircraft and other support forces, and even carry long-range cruise missiles, attack the United States in the region scattered base and aircraft carrier The
Reported that some signs show that the J-20 is a first attack fighter, but it also has a strong air-to-air capability. And the United States F-35 fighter, the latest J-20 prototype machine head seems to have a light targeting system. The system may be an EOTS-89 optical targeting system. Air superior fighter is not the need for this sensor.
It is speculated that there are signs that China's aircraft carries active phased array (AESA) radar. Allegedly, the F-20 may be equipped with 1475 phased array radar, the radar may be being tested by the China Flight Test Institute. However, these messages can not be confirmed at this time.
The most convincing evidence that proves that the Fighter -20 is being optimized to make it capable of attacking is that its fuselage is huge but the wing is relatively small. It may also have large arms cabin. This configuration can run well on a supersonic attack machine, but it is not ideal for airlift fighters that must maintain high speed.
In addition, China has not yet had the engine technology to provide power for such a large empty fighter. In fact, China can not prove that they have the ability to produce any aircraft can be applied to the J-20 aircraft engine. But the attack aircraft does not need excellent thrust weight ratio, therefore, this aircraft is currently using two Russian-made AL-31F engine, for China's use, may have been enough.
In addition, it is important to note that short-range tactical fighters like the F-22 and F-35 are not suitable for performing missions in the Western Pacific because of their vastness and decentralization. China is also subject to the same geographical restrictions. This means that aircraft like F-22 and F-35 require the help of a tanker at long-distance missions. The most reasonable way for China to suppress the air power of the United States and its allies is not to fight against them, but to combat their flight capabilities. This includes targeting US bases, tankers and communication nodes. Therefore, in this sense, the F -20 may become China's means of building air superiority. In this sense, J-20 is better than F-22.
Reported that, of course, all this is speculation. Only the People's Liberation Army Air Force knows where the F-20 applies to the combat command, "but it could become a powerful enemy." (Compiled / Wang Dongdong)
2017年10月21日星期六
2017年10月20日星期五
China's supreme sound weapons come from behind, an artifact is essential for its development
China's supreme sound weapons come from behind, an artifact is essential for its development
First note that the name of the supersonic weapon is more general, because in theory, most of the bullets can be called supersonic weapons. And in recent years is a very popular weapon type is hypersonic weapons.
In the case of
Hypersonic threshold is Mach 5, which is 5 times the speed of sound, folded into the speed is about 6,000 kilometers per hour, 1.66 kilometers per second.
Ordinary rifle bullet out of the speed of nearly 1000 meters per second, high-speed weapons speed is 1.6 times the bullet. Speed that is quite amazing
At present, there are two main types of hypersonic weapons in the world.
The first category is hypersonic cruise aircraft, which is similar to ordinary cruise missiles. But the speed of a heaven and a underground, the engine is used in the scramjet engine.
In the case of
The scramjet engine, like the conventional jet engine, gets oxygen from the atmosphere, so it does not have to carry an oxidizer itself, four times as much as the rocket in the case of the same fuel. But the scrambling engine can not start in a quiescent state, must rely on other power to accelerate to supersonic to start.
Scramjet engine is still in the research stage, the biggest difficulty is the ignition technology, because the air into the engine is also hypersonic, to mix with the fuel and then ignite, and maintain a stable combustion, the difficulty as much as in the hurricane The match also let it off.
The second category is to boost the gliding aircraft. It is more peculiar to the principle, is the use of the rocket as the driving force to launch the aircraft into the air, breaking the atmosphere, and then the aircraft from space again to return to the atmosphere, when the angle is appropriate, the aircraft will be like a tile on the surface of the same water was bounced, And then fall, through such a series of bounce - falling trajectory, the aircraft will be able to reach the target at high speed.
In the case of
It is worth mentioning that this "boost - gliding" trajectory, the Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen in the last century 40's theory. It will ballistic missile and cruise missiles together, not only penetration ability, and trajectory is difficult to predict, halfway can change, it is quite difficult to intercept.
At present, China's research and development of hypersonic weapons is used to promote the principle of gliding.
In January 2014, the Chinese Ministry of Defense issued a statement saying that a hypersonic vehicle test was conducted in China. The United States named it WU-14, that is, Dongfeng-ZF.
In the case of
So far, WU-14 has conducted eight successful tests. It is reported that the average speed of WU-14 is Mach 5, the maximum speed of 10 Mach.
Russian weapons experts believe that even the United States such a country, the WU-14 to intercept is impossible.
First of all, although its flight height is relatively high, more than 60 km, but with the ballistic missile 150-400 km flight height compared to, or a lot lower. The lower the flight height, the shorter the radar's warning time.
Secondly, WU-14 can change the flight orbit through pneumatic control, that is, can be orbit flight, for the radar warning and interceptor response time will be greatly squeezed.
And the speed of WU-14 will not only stop at a maximum of 10 Mach.
China in the field of hypersonic aircraft breakthrough in recent years, the first is to make full use of the advantages of late, so that other countries first "trial and error", and then choose the appropriate technology for their own development path. Followed by China's aerospace industry's profound knowledge. One of the most representative is China's own R & D design of the hypersonic wind tunnel, JF12 shock wind tunnel.
In the case of
It can produce wind speed of 5-10 times the speed of sound, the duration of 100 milliseconds. US similar wind tunnel can only produce 4-7 times the speed of sound, the duration of 30 milliseconds.
JF12 shock wind tunnel for the domestic hypersonic weapons smooth development, has a pivotal role. It is worth mentioning that, in the CCTV for JF12 shock wind tunnel related reports, intentionally or unintentionally, a variety of hypersonic aircraft model, its shape and before there are very different.
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
We have reason to believe that China has been developing more advanced hypersonic aircraft, and whether it is as a military or civilian, are of great significance.
First note that the name of the supersonic weapon is more general, because in theory, most of the bullets can be called supersonic weapons. And in recent years is a very popular weapon type is hypersonic weapons.
In the case of
Hypersonic threshold is Mach 5, which is 5 times the speed of sound, folded into the speed is about 6,000 kilometers per hour, 1.66 kilometers per second.
Ordinary rifle bullet out of the speed of nearly 1000 meters per second, high-speed weapons speed is 1.6 times the bullet. Speed that is quite amazing
At present, there are two main types of hypersonic weapons in the world.
The first category is hypersonic cruise aircraft, which is similar to ordinary cruise missiles. But the speed of a heaven and a underground, the engine is used in the scramjet engine.
In the case of
The scramjet engine, like the conventional jet engine, gets oxygen from the atmosphere, so it does not have to carry an oxidizer itself, four times as much as the rocket in the case of the same fuel. But the scrambling engine can not start in a quiescent state, must rely on other power to accelerate to supersonic to start.
Scramjet engine is still in the research stage, the biggest difficulty is the ignition technology, because the air into the engine is also hypersonic, to mix with the fuel and then ignite, and maintain a stable combustion, the difficulty as much as in the hurricane The match also let it off.
The second category is to boost the gliding aircraft. It is more peculiar to the principle, is the use of the rocket as the driving force to launch the aircraft into the air, breaking the atmosphere, and then the aircraft from space again to return to the atmosphere, when the angle is appropriate, the aircraft will be like a tile on the surface of the same water was bounced, And then fall, through such a series of bounce - falling trajectory, the aircraft will be able to reach the target at high speed.
In the case of
It is worth mentioning that this "boost - gliding" trajectory, the Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen in the last century 40's theory. It will ballistic missile and cruise missiles together, not only penetration ability, and trajectory is difficult to predict, halfway can change, it is quite difficult to intercept.
At present, China's research and development of hypersonic weapons is used to promote the principle of gliding.
In January 2014, the Chinese Ministry of Defense issued a statement saying that a hypersonic vehicle test was conducted in China. The United States named it WU-14, that is, Dongfeng-ZF.
In the case of
So far, WU-14 has conducted eight successful tests. It is reported that the average speed of WU-14 is Mach 5, the maximum speed of 10 Mach.
Russian weapons experts believe that even the United States such a country, the WU-14 to intercept is impossible.
First of all, although its flight height is relatively high, more than 60 km, but with the ballistic missile 150-400 km flight height compared to, or a lot lower. The lower the flight height, the shorter the radar's warning time.
Secondly, WU-14 can change the flight orbit through pneumatic control, that is, can be orbit flight, for the radar warning and interceptor response time will be greatly squeezed.
And the speed of WU-14 will not only stop at a maximum of 10 Mach.
China in the field of hypersonic aircraft breakthrough in recent years, the first is to make full use of the advantages of late, so that other countries first "trial and error", and then choose the appropriate technology for their own development path. Followed by China's aerospace industry's profound knowledge. One of the most representative is China's own R & D design of the hypersonic wind tunnel, JF12 shock wind tunnel.
In the case of
It can produce wind speed of 5-10 times the speed of sound, the duration of 100 milliseconds. US similar wind tunnel can only produce 4-7 times the speed of sound, the duration of 30 milliseconds.
JF12 shock wind tunnel for the domestic hypersonic weapons smooth development, has a pivotal role. It is worth mentioning that, in the CCTV for JF12 shock wind tunnel related reports, intentionally or unintentionally, a variety of hypersonic aircraft model, its shape and before there are very different.
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
We have reason to believe that China has been developing more advanced hypersonic aircraft, and whether it is as a military or civilian, are of great significance.
2017年10月19日星期四
J-20 into the supersonic invincible
Fighter 20 into the supersonic invincible
Zhu and the 90th anniversary of the military after the parade, the F -20 pilot a "supersonic invincible" triggered a wide range of outside attention.
The world is not broken Wu Gong fast, supersonic cruise allows fighters can quickly enter, withdraw from the battlefield, giving the aircraft a strong battlefield flexibility. Sonics cruise has become the fifth generation fighter standard, but there is an exception, that is, F-35. Interestingly, the F-35's thrust is the largest of the existing fighter engines. Ultrasonic cruise, of course, depends on many factors, but the F-35 so much of the thrust can not be supersonic cruise? Today, the Northern Defense (ID: sinorusdef) special writer Flak to talk about this matter.
In the case of
The F-35's engine has the biggest thrust in active fighters
Supersonic cruise is not enough engine thrust can only, only on the engine itself, the problem must first know that the engine is better than the "anti-supersonic cruise", which is why the Boeing 777 engine thrust so big did not take you Moon. The turbofan engine's outer channel not only does not contribute to the supersonic thrust, but also increases the supersonic resistance, so the more you can not reach the Sonics, the more you can. The force of the combustion chamber is "absolutely anti-supersonic cruise", and there is no matter for you.
In the case of
△ F-35 F-135 engine is being tested
So, what is the supersonic cruise? Or in the case of the same engine diameter, magnify the core segment? Especially to enlarge the channel ratio to 0, that is, pure turbojet engine, not you can cruise cruise? The answer can be said to be right or wrong, because some aircraft do with pure vortex jet supersonic cruise, such as the Russian Navy using the P-700 "granite" anti-ship missiles, or Concorde aircraft Oliver 593 engine is indeed Can cruise cruise.
In the case of
△ "Peter the Great" cruiser launched P-700 "granite" heavy-duty anti-ship missiles, the use of turbulence power to the full supersonic speed of 500 km range
That pure vortex spray of the three generations of machines do not a bunch of cruise can be supersonic? Of course not, the answer lies in the thrust of the engine than the three generations of turbojet engine thrust in the 5 up and down, which means that you zoom in at the same time, the engine's weight loss is also increased, so you either sacrifice the load, or sacrifice the whole aircraft Pushing the weight ratio, the results of thrust is not enough to cruise cruise. Three generations of countries have chosen the latter to the three generations of the ancestor of the F-4 "ghost" as an example, it is to use a large load to open the trend. So that the aircraft to reduce the load, into a speed only, no voyage without armed manned "missile" is unthinkable.
As for the four generations of machines is said in front of its engine to join the channel than to push the weight ratio increased to 8, but the channel than it is "anti-supersonic cruise." So the five generations of machines to supersonic cruise, the engine will reduce the bypass ratio (magnification core section) at the same time, to maintain or even increase the weight ratio. The problem is again, the so-called external channel is pure air without weight of this paragraph, and the core section is filled with high-pressure compressors, combustion chamber and high pressure turbine and a pile of metal, you have to metal core section Enlargement does not increase the weight, it is impossible.
In the case of
The second stage of the SU-57 engine will be further optimized for supersonic cruise performance
Therefore, to meet the supersonic cruise target, the only way is to reduce the length of the core segment, when the compressor series less, the weight naturally reduced, make up the weight of the compressor blade elongated, which is Three generations of the era of material science and heat flow process can not do things.
It is reported that the fifth generation of the Soviet fighter Su-5-stage engine "30" is the cold end (low pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 four-level compression with a turbines reduced to three-level compression and a Turbo, engine hot end (high pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 nine-level compression with a turbo compacted into a five-stage compression with a turbo, the string outside the sound should be the hot end of the compressor with the combustion chamber to zoom in, so the total weight difference Not the case to reduce the channel than in order to achieve the four generations of the engine can not be supersonic cruise targets.
In the case of
△ F -20 whether it is AL-31FM1 or "Taihang" engine thrust are 13-14 tons, F-35 engine thrust than the J-20 thrust more than the F-7 engine is also high
Another reference is that the F-35's F-135 engine thrust, although from 16 tons to more than 19 tons, but the channel ratio from 0.2 zoom nearly twice and become 0.57, as the F-35 can not supersonic cruise one of the reasons.
Zhu and the 90th anniversary of the military after the parade, the F -20 pilot a "supersonic invincible" triggered a wide range of outside attention.
The world is not broken Wu Gong fast, supersonic cruise allows fighters can quickly enter, withdraw from the battlefield, giving the aircraft a strong battlefield flexibility. Sonics cruise has become the fifth generation fighter standard, but there is an exception, that is, F-35. Interestingly, the F-35's thrust is the largest of the existing fighter engines. Ultrasonic cruise, of course, depends on many factors, but the F-35 so much of the thrust can not be supersonic cruise? Today, the Northern Defense (ID: sinorusdef) special writer Flak to talk about this matter.
In the case of
The F-35's engine has the biggest thrust in active fighters
Supersonic cruise is not enough engine thrust can only, only on the engine itself, the problem must first know that the engine is better than the "anti-supersonic cruise", which is why the Boeing 777 engine thrust so big did not take you Moon. The turbofan engine's outer channel not only does not contribute to the supersonic thrust, but also increases the supersonic resistance, so the more you can not reach the Sonics, the more you can. The force of the combustion chamber is "absolutely anti-supersonic cruise", and there is no matter for you.
In the case of
△ F-35 F-135 engine is being tested
So, what is the supersonic cruise? Or in the case of the same engine diameter, magnify the core segment? Especially to enlarge the channel ratio to 0, that is, pure turbojet engine, not you can cruise cruise? The answer can be said to be right or wrong, because some aircraft do with pure vortex jet supersonic cruise, such as the Russian Navy using the P-700 "granite" anti-ship missiles, or Concorde aircraft Oliver 593 engine is indeed Can cruise cruise.
In the case of
△ "Peter the Great" cruiser launched P-700 "granite" heavy-duty anti-ship missiles, the use of turbulence power to the full supersonic speed of 500 km range
That pure vortex spray of the three generations of machines do not a bunch of cruise can be supersonic? Of course not, the answer lies in the thrust of the engine than the three generations of turbojet engine thrust in the 5 up and down, which means that you zoom in at the same time, the engine's weight loss is also increased, so you either sacrifice the load, or sacrifice the whole aircraft Pushing the weight ratio, the results of thrust is not enough to cruise cruise. Three generations of countries have chosen the latter to the three generations of the ancestor of the F-4 "ghost" as an example, it is to use a large load to open the trend. So that the aircraft to reduce the load, into a speed only, no voyage without armed manned "missile" is unthinkable.
As for the four generations of machines is said in front of its engine to join the channel than to push the weight ratio increased to 8, but the channel than it is "anti-supersonic cruise." So the five generations of machines to supersonic cruise, the engine will reduce the bypass ratio (magnification core section) at the same time, to maintain or even increase the weight ratio. The problem is again, the so-called external channel is pure air without weight of this paragraph, and the core section is filled with high-pressure compressors, combustion chamber and high pressure turbine and a pile of metal, you have to metal core section Enlargement does not increase the weight, it is impossible.
In the case of
The second stage of the SU-57 engine will be further optimized for supersonic cruise performance
Therefore, to meet the supersonic cruise target, the only way is to reduce the length of the core segment, when the compressor series less, the weight naturally reduced, make up the weight of the compressor blade elongated, which is Three generations of the era of material science and heat flow process can not do things.
It is reported that the fifth generation of the Soviet fighter Su-5-stage engine "30" is the cold end (low pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 four-level compression with a turbines reduced to three-level compression and a Turbo, engine hot end (high pressure compressor) from the AL-41F1 nine-level compression with a turbo compacted into a five-stage compression with a turbo, the string outside the sound should be the hot end of the compressor with the combustion chamber to zoom in, so the total weight difference Not the case to reduce the channel than in order to achieve the four generations of the engine can not be supersonic cruise targets.
In the case of
△ F -20 whether it is AL-31FM1 or "Taihang" engine thrust are 13-14 tons, F-35 engine thrust than the J-20 thrust more than the F-7 engine is also high
Another reference is that the F-35's F-135 engine thrust, although from 16 tons to more than 19 tons, but the channel ratio from 0.2 zoom nearly twice and become 0.57, as the F-35 can not supersonic cruise one of the reasons.
2017年10月18日星期三
China's 096 nuclear submarine will bring the most dangerous nuclear threat
China's 096 nuclear submarine will bring the most dangerous nuclear threat
Welcome to "Shi Jiang Yue Defense Watch"
Australia F-35, P-8 and other advanced weapons secretly stolen, dirty water and want to splash China!
US experts: 095 nuclear submarine more quiet, the secret may be here!
Can the United States play two big wars at the same time? The report says the truth
With proper deployment, any more modern submarine can use nuclear missiles to attack the United States. 096 type strategic nuclear submarine from the coastal areas of China's safe area, of course, by virtue of "waves -3" submarine-launched ballistic missiles attack the United States.
In the case of
China 's New Strategic Nuclear Submarine Model
The Pentagon now believes that China will build a total of about 8 ballistic missile submarines (SSBN), this way, the PLA Navy to maintain a number of strategic nuclear submarines, to achieve continuous patrol. However, this depends to a large extent on whether China will shift the overall nuclear posture from the minimum deterrent to the "second strike" of active pursuit of security.
China's strategic nuclear submarine will soon become a major concern in the United States. How will it change the balance of power in the Pacific?
US "National Interest" magazine reported that in 1981, China completed the first strategic nuclear submarine -092 "summer" level. However, the submarine did not begin service until 1987, and it was said that deterrence patrol had never been carried out. The submarine represents China's limited submarine construction capacity of victory, but did not form a meaningful deterrent.
In the case of
094 strategic nuclear submarine
China's second effort is to build 094 strategic nuclear submarines, which formed a group of more effective strategic nuclear submarines. 094 nuclear submarine displacement of about 11,000 tons, can carry 12 waves - 2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, nuclear warheads can be projected to about 7500 km away.
American scholars believe that the waves on the missile can carry more than the warheads of different reports, but in view of China's progress in this area, these 094 nuclear submarines and future strategic nuclear submarines are likely to carry this in the future missile. So far, China has built four 094 nuclear submarines, which is the minimum necessary for sustained deterrent patrols.
The next step is 096 type "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarine. There are many reports on the design parameters and expected deployment date of the 096 "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarines, and there are also very different. 096 "Tang" strategic nuclear submarine will undoubtedly larger in size and displacement, underwater noise smaller, more quiet, and can carry more missiles, these missiles can carry more warheads. 096 is expected to be able to carry 24 waves -3 submarine-launched missiles, a range of about 10,000 km.
In the case of
092 type strategic nuclear submarine is actually not really deployed, and has been retired. People's Liberation Army Navy has been using the 094-type strategic nuclear submarines for a wide range of exercises, after the US media have revealed 094 nuclear submarines have been patrolling in 2015. The PLA Navy has provided a wide range of infrastructure for these submarines.
However, under the conditions of high-intensity conflict, 094-type strategic nuclear submarines can not operate independently. The US National Interests magazine reported that these nuclear submarines were much weaker than the Soviet strategic nuclear submarines of the 1970s and made it easy to make them "prey" of US attack submarines.
In the case of
In view of this disadvantage, American scholars believe that China seems likely to use the Soviet Union during the Cold War deployment of strategic nuclear submarine policy - "fortress" strategy. The Soviet Union adopted the "edge of the fort" strategy, because of fear of its strategic nuclear submarine viability, and because of the United States, "beheaded" the first blow to the heart did not end.
China's strategic nuclear submarines in the viability is still less than the late Cold War former nuclear submarines, China is more vulnerable than the Soviet Union by pre-emptive nuclear strike. Therefore, the "fortress" strategy may be meaningful. However, the PLA Navy needs to accelerate the development of its anti-submarine warfare capabilities in order to pose a real threat to US submarines.
On the one hand, the noise of China's strategic nuclear submarines makes it easy to be found by US attack submarines; on the other hand, unsafe nuclear deterrence is not a good sign of crisis stability. As some Western defense experts say, the larger noise of the strategic nuclear submarine for the attack submarine provides a tempting goal. In a war, the United States (or Japan, or India) may use this factor to work together to destroy China's nuclear submarines. This was the strategy that the US Navy envisioned in the 1970s and 1980s; attacked the "fortress" when patrolling the Soviet strategic nuclear submarine.
In the case of
US submarine launched "Tomahawk" cruise missiles
Although the sinking strategic nuclear submarine seems attractive, but the Western scholars worry that this will allow the conflict to upgrade to the point where it can not be packed.
In reality, the expansion of China's submarine nuclear deterrent power does not have much impact on the United States. As in the case of the Soviet Union, Russia is also the case, and China has good reason to avoid launching submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The decision to invest in strategic nuclear submarine fleets is likely to be out of concern about the "nuclear goal first", the root of this idea is that the United States can decisively destroy China's nuclear forces on the ground. The deployment of more strategic nuclear submarines, no doubt China's second strike deterrence more secure.
However, the United States of America Kentucky University scholar Robert Farley that, as the world's most powerful navy found that the strategic nuclear submarine in fact, "both evil." They devouude a lot of money and resources at every stage of the design and development, and have little reward in running value.
In the case of
"Ohio" level
The US Navy has been on the introduction of a new generation of strategic nuclear submarines to replace the "Ohio" level is not too positive, although this is not without controversy. Britain's ability to replace its existing strategic nuclear submarine fleet is an open political topic. Even the Russians are slow to replace their aging strategic nuclear submarines, and the Russian Navy's strategic nuclear submarines are still dominated by the late Cold War. In addition, the cost of the "bastard" strategy is particularly costly because they must deploy supportive support forces in their neighborhood.
The more interesting issue came from the future for some time since China tried to catch the US (and Russia) submarine mute technology. If the future People's Liberation Army Navy strategic nuclear submarine can have enough covert action capability, independent deployment patrol, then China's deterrence strategy may be closer to the US model, rather than the Soviet model. This will release the water and underwater submarine forces so that they can join other jobs.
Robert Farley believes that, in any case, the existence of more China's strategic nuclear submarines will increase the management of the issue of "waves." If China and the United States have a war, the problem will arise. But do not worry too much because the most likely is that China's strategic nuclear submarines will do the same thing in other strategic nuclear submarines in their service life - hiding in the depths of the sea, waiting for an order that may never come.
Welcome to "Shi Jiang Yue Defense Watch"
Australia F-35, P-8 and other advanced weapons secretly stolen, dirty water and want to splash China!
US experts: 095 nuclear submarine more quiet, the secret may be here!
Can the United States play two big wars at the same time? The report says the truth
With proper deployment, any more modern submarine can use nuclear missiles to attack the United States. 096 type strategic nuclear submarine from the coastal areas of China's safe area, of course, by virtue of "waves -3" submarine-launched ballistic missiles attack the United States.
In the case of
China 's New Strategic Nuclear Submarine Model
The Pentagon now believes that China will build a total of about 8 ballistic missile submarines (SSBN), this way, the PLA Navy to maintain a number of strategic nuclear submarines, to achieve continuous patrol. However, this depends to a large extent on whether China will shift the overall nuclear posture from the minimum deterrent to the "second strike" of active pursuit of security.
China's strategic nuclear submarine will soon become a major concern in the United States. How will it change the balance of power in the Pacific?
US "National Interest" magazine reported that in 1981, China completed the first strategic nuclear submarine -092 "summer" level. However, the submarine did not begin service until 1987, and it was said that deterrence patrol had never been carried out. The submarine represents China's limited submarine construction capacity of victory, but did not form a meaningful deterrent.
In the case of
094 strategic nuclear submarine
China's second effort is to build 094 strategic nuclear submarines, which formed a group of more effective strategic nuclear submarines. 094 nuclear submarine displacement of about 11,000 tons, can carry 12 waves - 2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, nuclear warheads can be projected to about 7500 km away.
American scholars believe that the waves on the missile can carry more than the warheads of different reports, but in view of China's progress in this area, these 094 nuclear submarines and future strategic nuclear submarines are likely to carry this in the future missile. So far, China has built four 094 nuclear submarines, which is the minimum necessary for sustained deterrent patrols.
The next step is 096 type "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarine. There are many reports on the design parameters and expected deployment date of the 096 "Tang" class strategic nuclear submarines, and there are also very different. 096 "Tang" strategic nuclear submarine will undoubtedly larger in size and displacement, underwater noise smaller, more quiet, and can carry more missiles, these missiles can carry more warheads. 096 is expected to be able to carry 24 waves -3 submarine-launched missiles, a range of about 10,000 km.
In the case of
092 type strategic nuclear submarine is actually not really deployed, and has been retired. People's Liberation Army Navy has been using the 094-type strategic nuclear submarines for a wide range of exercises, after the US media have revealed 094 nuclear submarines have been patrolling in 2015. The PLA Navy has provided a wide range of infrastructure for these submarines.
However, under the conditions of high-intensity conflict, 094-type strategic nuclear submarines can not operate independently. The US National Interests magazine reported that these nuclear submarines were much weaker than the Soviet strategic nuclear submarines of the 1970s and made it easy to make them "prey" of US attack submarines.
In the case of
In view of this disadvantage, American scholars believe that China seems likely to use the Soviet Union during the Cold War deployment of strategic nuclear submarine policy - "fortress" strategy. The Soviet Union adopted the "edge of the fort" strategy, because of fear of its strategic nuclear submarine viability, and because of the United States, "beheaded" the first blow to the heart did not end.
China's strategic nuclear submarines in the viability is still less than the late Cold War former nuclear submarines, China is more vulnerable than the Soviet Union by pre-emptive nuclear strike. Therefore, the "fortress" strategy may be meaningful. However, the PLA Navy needs to accelerate the development of its anti-submarine warfare capabilities in order to pose a real threat to US submarines.
On the one hand, the noise of China's strategic nuclear submarines makes it easy to be found by US attack submarines; on the other hand, unsafe nuclear deterrence is not a good sign of crisis stability. As some Western defense experts say, the larger noise of the strategic nuclear submarine for the attack submarine provides a tempting goal. In a war, the United States (or Japan, or India) may use this factor to work together to destroy China's nuclear submarines. This was the strategy that the US Navy envisioned in the 1970s and 1980s; attacked the "fortress" when patrolling the Soviet strategic nuclear submarine.
In the case of
US submarine launched "Tomahawk" cruise missiles
Although the sinking strategic nuclear submarine seems attractive, but the Western scholars worry that this will allow the conflict to upgrade to the point where it can not be packed.
In reality, the expansion of China's submarine nuclear deterrent power does not have much impact on the United States. As in the case of the Soviet Union, Russia is also the case, and China has good reason to avoid launching submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The decision to invest in strategic nuclear submarine fleets is likely to be out of concern about the "nuclear goal first", the root of this idea is that the United States can decisively destroy China's nuclear forces on the ground. The deployment of more strategic nuclear submarines, no doubt China's second strike deterrence more secure.
However, the United States of America Kentucky University scholar Robert Farley that, as the world's most powerful navy found that the strategic nuclear submarine in fact, "both evil." They devouude a lot of money and resources at every stage of the design and development, and have little reward in running value.
In the case of
"Ohio" level
The US Navy has been on the introduction of a new generation of strategic nuclear submarines to replace the "Ohio" level is not too positive, although this is not without controversy. Britain's ability to replace its existing strategic nuclear submarine fleet is an open political topic. Even the Russians are slow to replace their aging strategic nuclear submarines, and the Russian Navy's strategic nuclear submarines are still dominated by the late Cold War. In addition, the cost of the "bastard" strategy is particularly costly because they must deploy supportive support forces in their neighborhood.
The more interesting issue came from the future for some time since China tried to catch the US (and Russia) submarine mute technology. If the future People's Liberation Army Navy strategic nuclear submarine can have enough covert action capability, independent deployment patrol, then China's deterrence strategy may be closer to the US model, rather than the Soviet model. This will release the water and underwater submarine forces so that they can join other jobs.
Robert Farley believes that, in any case, the existence of more China's strategic nuclear submarines will increase the management of the issue of "waves." If China and the United States have a war, the problem will arise. But do not worry too much because the most likely is that China's strategic nuclear submarines will do the same thing in other strategic nuclear submarines in their service life - hiding in the depths of the sea, waiting for an order that may never come.
2017年10月17日星期二
China and Ukraine technical exchanges and then welcome large orders, the Soviet Union on the moon by the second spring technology
China and Ukraine technical exchanges and then welcome large orders, the Soviet Union on the moon by the second spring technology
In 1969, NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Baz Aldrin became the first human beings to set foot on another celestial body, creating history and defeating the former Soviet Union in a space race.
However, during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union in the white space competition, once the Soviet people once seized the opportunity, it seems always with a series of "first" link. The first successful launch of the artificial earth satellite, the first shot to the back of the moon photos, the first manned space flight, the first space walk, the first female astronauts and so on. The Soviet people in the field of space by leaps and bounds, once let the Americans feel the first time in the back of the feeling, but beyond the people's expectations, the first in the moon on the "human small step", but the United States people.
When the history of this time to learn, small soldiers also wondering, the Americans in full swing to implement the "Apollo plan" when the world's number one known as the power of the Soviet Union, do not nap it? For a long time, this is a mystery. But in the recent mystery finally solved, as early as the early 60s of last century, the Soviet Union has been quietly in the manned moon to prepare.
In the case of
In fact, after Gagarin completed the first human travel in human history, the Soviet Union focused on the moon, and strive to create the next "first" - that is the first to achieve manned moon! To this end, the Soviet scientists made a full preparation, not only launched around the moon flying satellite, also developed a large number of landing tools, from unmanned lunar detectors to unrivaled lunar vehicles, from the lunar module to aerospace Members on the moon service, you can say everything. Especially the lunar module, not only to meet all the design needs, but also successfully completed, including the return of the earth, including all the project testing.
It is worth mentioning that the Soviet Union developed unmanned lunar landing cars were also in 1970 and 1973, twice successfully boarded the moon. Compared with the United States, "Apollo" lunar rover, the Soviet unmanned lunar rover volume is only half of the former, the weight of only one-third of the former, and can automatically take pictures of the moon and analyze the rock, soil samples, Unlike the United States "Apollo plan" as to rely on the moon astronaut personally completed.
Is the so-called everything with, only owes the wind! The Soviet people only need to develop a heavy rocket, the smooth delivery of spacecraft even if you're done. As the American Apollo program has genius rocket expert von Braun, the Soviet Union's N1 heavy rocket project, fell on the shoulders of the same great space pioneer Korolev,
However, let Lorov unexpected is that they have never been able to create, as the United States, "Apollo Plan" "Saturn" 5, as powerful and stable performance of heavy-duty launch vehicle. The reason is that at the time of the Soviet Union's industrial level, actually unable to build a large thrust engine with the rocket match! This embarrassing situation forced Korolev to have to N1 rocket loaded up to 30 sets of rocket engines, the only way to get with Saturn 5 considerable carrying capacity.
In the case of
A rocket using so many engines is undoubtedly a fatal flaw: on the one hand, the engine group between the many engines can not do the effective balance of the boost; on the other hand, for these engines were added fuel is Headache things, but also prone to accidents. The result is that this is carrying the Soviet Union too much expectation of the "Big Mac", in the Baikonur space launch site test only a total of 4 times, the results of each tragedy ended.
In 1976, the huge cost of N1 rocket project was forced to dismount, and with the Americans and then a group of astronauts sent to the moon, the Soviet Union want the opportunity is completely gone. The Soviet-American moon program, once smug, had to turn into a bubble. Giant rocket frowned abdomen is also considered, the most pity is that those who have completed the development of lunar matching technology and equipment, had to Ukraine in the South Bureau of Design of the plant is a place for forty years.
In the case of
But good things are good things, no matter how long it still can not cover up its value. Following the flight of the mother, the late bear's moon dream I am afraid we have to "pack away." Recently received the news. Ukraine will sell its lunar module and related technology to China.
I drop an obediently, this is the lunar module ah! Saying that two hair can really dare to sell, my rabbit really dare to buy! In their hands useless things, to our hands that is the price of the baby, and do not say there are too many key technologies worth learning from, even if the repeated study of the experiment to save time and capital costs, it is also considerable of.
As everyone knows, has long been the home of two Mao home to find us, Shashi Hou done the loss of the sale? This business, do value!
In 1969, NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Baz Aldrin became the first human beings to set foot on another celestial body, creating history and defeating the former Soviet Union in a space race.
However, during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union in the white space competition, once the Soviet people once seized the opportunity, it seems always with a series of "first" link. The first successful launch of the artificial earth satellite, the first shot to the back of the moon photos, the first manned space flight, the first space walk, the first female astronauts and so on. The Soviet people in the field of space by leaps and bounds, once let the Americans feel the first time in the back of the feeling, but beyond the people's expectations, the first in the moon on the "human small step", but the United States people.
When the history of this time to learn, small soldiers also wondering, the Americans in full swing to implement the "Apollo plan" when the world's number one known as the power of the Soviet Union, do not nap it? For a long time, this is a mystery. But in the recent mystery finally solved, as early as the early 60s of last century, the Soviet Union has been quietly in the manned moon to prepare.
In the case of
In fact, after Gagarin completed the first human travel in human history, the Soviet Union focused on the moon, and strive to create the next "first" - that is the first to achieve manned moon! To this end, the Soviet scientists made a full preparation, not only launched around the moon flying satellite, also developed a large number of landing tools, from unmanned lunar detectors to unrivaled lunar vehicles, from the lunar module to aerospace Members on the moon service, you can say everything. Especially the lunar module, not only to meet all the design needs, but also successfully completed, including the return of the earth, including all the project testing.
It is worth mentioning that the Soviet Union developed unmanned lunar landing cars were also in 1970 and 1973, twice successfully boarded the moon. Compared with the United States, "Apollo" lunar rover, the Soviet unmanned lunar rover volume is only half of the former, the weight of only one-third of the former, and can automatically take pictures of the moon and analyze the rock, soil samples, Unlike the United States "Apollo plan" as to rely on the moon astronaut personally completed.
Is the so-called everything with, only owes the wind! The Soviet people only need to develop a heavy rocket, the smooth delivery of spacecraft even if you're done. As the American Apollo program has genius rocket expert von Braun, the Soviet Union's N1 heavy rocket project, fell on the shoulders of the same great space pioneer Korolev,
However, let Lorov unexpected is that they have never been able to create, as the United States, "Apollo Plan" "Saturn" 5, as powerful and stable performance of heavy-duty launch vehicle. The reason is that at the time of the Soviet Union's industrial level, actually unable to build a large thrust engine with the rocket match! This embarrassing situation forced Korolev to have to N1 rocket loaded up to 30 sets of rocket engines, the only way to get with Saturn 5 considerable carrying capacity.
In the case of
A rocket using so many engines is undoubtedly a fatal flaw: on the one hand, the engine group between the many engines can not do the effective balance of the boost; on the other hand, for these engines were added fuel is Headache things, but also prone to accidents. The result is that this is carrying the Soviet Union too much expectation of the "Big Mac", in the Baikonur space launch site test only a total of 4 times, the results of each tragedy ended.
In 1976, the huge cost of N1 rocket project was forced to dismount, and with the Americans and then a group of astronauts sent to the moon, the Soviet Union want the opportunity is completely gone. The Soviet-American moon program, once smug, had to turn into a bubble. Giant rocket frowned abdomen is also considered, the most pity is that those who have completed the development of lunar matching technology and equipment, had to Ukraine in the South Bureau of Design of the plant is a place for forty years.
In the case of
But good things are good things, no matter how long it still can not cover up its value. Following the flight of the mother, the late bear's moon dream I am afraid we have to "pack away." Recently received the news. Ukraine will sell its lunar module and related technology to China.
I drop an obediently, this is the lunar module ah! Saying that two hair can really dare to sell, my rabbit really dare to buy! In their hands useless things, to our hands that is the price of the baby, and do not say there are too many key technologies worth learning from, even if the repeated study of the experiment to save time and capital costs, it is also considerable of.
As everyone knows, has long been the home of two Mao home to find us, Shashi Hou done the loss of the sale? This business, do value!
2017年10月16日星期一
People's Liberation Army 10 killer! The strongest weapon is it, Russia has not yet been equipped
People's Liberation Army 10 killer! The strongest weapon is it, Russia has not yet been equipped
In the release of the National Day film, a sincerity full of air combat large "empty day hunting" once released by the professional audience and the mainstream public opinion. The film is known as China's first true sense of the modern air war film, blood plot, intense plot, wonderful air war, bombing the viewer's audio-visual senses.
In the case of
Air combat film, in a foreign country is a more mature type of film, such as the Tom Cruise 1986 classic "Top Gun", and then in recent years, countries shooting the "top secret flight", "air war hero", "air battle" "Red baron", "R2B: return base" and other films.
But compared to the war movie of this category, the number of air combat film is relatively scarce. China is no exception, in addition to some of the early years to reflect the Korean War Air Force combat warfare related to the air war, the more so-called air force films are only training, exercise as the background, the real modern air war movie really did not.
In the case of
"Sky" hunting is to fill the gap, but also broke through the past some of the rules for the future shooting of modern air combat film to explore a new way. The film has been the Air Force, China Ordnance Industry Group, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group and many other giants of the strong support of the film more of our active and foreign trade advanced equipment participating, of course, of course, is our army's top ten killer The
In the case of
Movie "empty day hunting" in the F -20 fighter
"Empty day hunting" is the most eye-catching is undoubtedly the F-20 fighter, the film released before the release of a series of J-20 stills. Although the film did not participate in the follow-up of the J-20 military operations, but as the base of the most advanced models still have a number of aesthetic lens, let the audience address him fun.
J-20 as the film's strongest domestic fighter, its service, so that the Chinese Air Force to become the world's second equipped with the fifth generation of fighter countries. So far, Russia's Su-57 is still in the flight test stage, from the formal equipment for some time.
In the case of
The picture shows the Fighter 20 fighter flight screen
J-20 fighter is China's first stealth fighter, but also to adapt to the future needs of the fifth generation fighter aircraft, is aimed at the US F-22 "Raptor" double heavy fighter. With the main emphasis on the air superiority of the United States F-22 different, J-20 both air and ground attack capability, a huge internal magazine can carry a variety of air-to-air, air-to-ground ammunition, that is able to sweep at the beginning of the war Qing enemy air defense system, but also with the enemy's most advanced fighter competition for air supremacy, is the future of war weapons weapons. The recent facelift by stealth processing of the domestic engine of the J-20 a soaring, on behalf of the J-20 real road to go more solid.
"Flying Sky" film opening is the F-11B fighter dual-formation formation of the US military P-3C anti-submarine patrol aircraft from the sea away from the fight, and reinforce the two F-15 fighters for four machine confrontation.
In the case of
The picture shows the F-11B fighter
It is known that the F-11B fighter is a double-engine heavy fighter with the development of the Soviet Union-27 fighters on the basis of the introduction of Su-27 fighter aircraft. It has the advantages of long range, good mobility and strong air warfare. The air intercept in the film against the stimulus, people catch blood, but this is not just a movie plot, in fact, this is derived from the real case.
In recent years, US aircraft frequently in the surrounding waters around the implementation of air reconnaissance activities, the security interests of our country poses a serious threat. We also remember that on April 1, 2001, the hero Wang Wei driving the J-8D fighter in the South China Sea Shanghang from a US Navy EP-3 electronic reconnaissance aircraft, collided with the US aircraft, the Chinese fighter crash, the pilot Wang Wei sacrifice. South China Sea collision incident over the past 12 years on August 19, 2013, in the eastern part of Hainan Island, 215 km international airspace, a J-11B US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft for an interception. According to the US side, the Chinese fighters in the P-8 anti-submarine aircraft above the maneuver, and flew over the P-8 nose, the nearest only 6 meters away. From the J-8D to J-11B, China's fighters, as always, to maintain the security of the territorial waters of the motherland.
In the case of
Intercept the US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft J-11B fighter
As the "empty day hunting" director and actor Li Chen's landline, J -10C is China's complete intellectual property rights of the most advanced fourth-generation medium-sized fighter. In the film, Li Chen driving the machine has a good performance, not only and the enemy Mirage -2000 fighter air combat, there are very rare ultra-low altitude penetration and air defense combat scenes.
In the case of
"Flying days" in the J -10C multi-purpose fighter
J -10C is the latest model in the J-10 fighter family, made a big change in the aerodynamic shape, the inlet to the advanced DSI inlet, improve the aircraft in the subsonic state of the motor performance and stealth capabilities. In the avionics system and fire control system has also made a greater improvement, the installation of the latest active phased array radar, so that both in the detection range or the number of targets than the J -10A / B passive phased array radar and Doppler pulse radar on a lot. These improvements give the J-10C more powerful combat power, not only in the air combat performance has been greatly improved, but also has a more diversified ability to fight against the ground.
In the case of JJ-91 anti-radiation missiles, LT-2 laser-guided bombs to eliminate the enemy Sam-6 air defense missile system scene is worth a look, show the Chinese characteristics of air defense combat operations.
In the case of
The picture shows the Chinese F-10C fighter
In the "empty day hunting" in the air combat operations, the air command is by the domestic air police -500 early warning aircraft to serve. The reason why do not use more large-scale air police -2000 or miniaturization of the air police -200, because the air police -500 is our first use of domestic aircraft carrier platform and disc-type phased array radar models, on behalf of The future development of China's early warning aircraft.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" played in the air police -500 early warning aircraft
Air Force -500 in the 70th anniversary of the anti-Japanese military parade debut, using a new generation of transport -9 improved as the aircraft, the main commitment to air patrol alert task, make up the ground radar low-altitude blind, taking into account the implementation of the command of the air. Can detect, monitor, track and identify incoming air targets, surface targets, and the battlefield situation monitoring, command and guide one's own troops to implement operations.
In the case of
Air police -500 early warning aircraft is our army's most advanced third-generation airborne early warning aircraft
The second "20" number of fighters in the "empty day hunting" is the transport of 20 strategic transport aircraft, carrying the special operations of the players and other fighters to stay together to feel the huge giant.
Yun -20 has a domineering name is called "Kunpeng". "Chuang Tzu Happy Tour" in the "North Ming fish, the name of Kun. Kun of the large, I do not know its thousands of miles also; for the birds, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I do not know its thousands of miles also And the wings of the sky. "With this Chinese legend of the beast named Yun 20 is the" big plane "project bear the fruitful.
The machine adopts conventional layout, cantilevered upper wing, leading edge swept, wingless winglets, maximum takeoff weight of 220 tons, load more than 66 tons, in complex weather conditions, the implementation of various materials and personnel long distance Air transport mission, is China's transport aircraft to the world's most important equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" film shooting scene of the two transport -20 strategic transport aircraft
"Fan Tianbing" Fan Bingbing played a female helicopter pilot, the film has been driving straight -9, m -171 and straight -8K helicopter, the implementation of disaster relief, parachuting pilots rescue, surprise evacuation of hostages and other tasks. Which is the most impressive is driving straight -8K helicopter using the new 7.62 mm Gatlin door machine guns, playing terrorists can not lift their heads, and then wear mountains to avoid the phantom -2000 chase, quite Aspect.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" Fan Bingbing driving meters -171 helicopters
Straight -8K is an airborne special assault helicopter, the machine can be said to be hard-working "military horse", not only in the warehouse equipped with infantry, light vehicles, but also to hang artillery, with a strong carrying capacity. The installation of the door machine gun straight -8K can also cover the airborne troops down, with a certain fire strike capability.
In the case of
In the film Fan Bingbing driving straight -8K helicopter fire to suppress the ground terrorists
Why is it a "rainbow" UAV family rather than a specific model? Because as a strong support for "empty day hunting" shooting China Aerospace Science and Technology Group 11 Institute, which is China's famous "Rainbow" UAV family of her family, for the film, including the multi-type UAV real machine, no Man-machine command and control shelters and other equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" in the "Rainbow" UAV family
In the film, we can see the "rainbow" critical space long long-flying solar unmanned aerial vehicles, "Rainbow" -3,5 attack one unmanned aerial vehicles and so on. Wu Xiubo played the old pilots in the ground after the fly is to fly "Rainbow" -5 UAV, and with the air fighters and ground forces to carry out the task of rescue the hostages.
"Rainbow" -5 UAV mass production has recently been successfully in the northwest of a multi-round, multi-bomb ground target test, has carried out the AR-1 air-to-surface missiles, AR-1 improved air to ground Missile, AR-2 light air-to-surface missiles, FT-7B precision guided bombs, FT-9 precision guided bombs, "Blue Arrow" -7 anti-tank missile shooting test, indicates that this is known as "bomb truck" China's most advanced foreign trade has been one of the unmanned aerial vehicles have formed a reliable combat effectiveness!
In the case of
The picture shows Wu Xiubo starring UAV commander exposure Rainbow -5 UAV operating system
The film we can see in the base of the "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system figure. Fan Bingbing is climbing its tall roof blowing the night wind.
"Lu Dun" -2000 system is currently widely equipped with Air Force air defense missile forces, the main weapon is a 7 tube 30 mm near the anti-gun, the highest firing rate of 4200 per minute can make the enemy air target instantly into a sieve. The system and the "Red Flag" -6A in the short-range surface-to-air missile combination, can form a red flag -6A artillery air defense system, mainly for the airport, command center, transportation hub, long-range air defense positions and other important targets of the last defense, Can effectively intercept air missiles, cruise missiles and helicopters and other low-altitude targets.
In the case of
The picture shows China's "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system
The film we can see the special combat team members take an 8 round car into the transport cabin, this small armored car name is CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle. Car body than a QQ car is also pocket, but it has eight sturdy big tires, a small front of the two white headlights appear da da da da.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" movie, into the transport -20 warehouse "Bobcat" all-terrain assault car
Although the car will sell Meng in the end, but the work is still unambiguous. The car installed a 1.5-liter turbocharged diesel engine, with 8 × 8 full-time drive, and ultra-low pressure off-road tires also ensure that the vehicle can travel in a variety of environments. We can see the car who jump up and down, enjoying themselves, showing a good all-terrain ability.
The film is the basic version of the convertible, the car has now developed a complete car family, some convertible, some with sealed cars, and some loaded heavy machine guns, and some carrying a multi-barrel rocket launchers, and some even The 81 mm mortar and 120 mm garnet mounted on the body, like a movie in the Transformers.
In the case of
The picture shows CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle
Pay attention to see "empty day hunting" those special warfighters in the hands of weapons, not our army active 81,95,03 rifle, but the new sense of science and technology of new firearms. This is the Chinese weapons and equipment group launched a new type of NAR modular gun family.
NAR gun family consists of three kinds of caliber ammunition system, 5.56 × 45,7.62 × 39,7.62 × 51, including two NATO ammunition ammunition, mainly for foreign trade research and development. Each caliber has a combat rifle (basic type), assault rifle (short barrel type), precision rifle (semi-automatic sniper rifle), class machine gun. At the same time, NAR guns also pay great attention to gun man-machine engineering and aesthetic design, in the film we can appreciate the power of this advanced gun family.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" in the use of special forces NAR modular assault rifle
"Empty day hunting" for the first time on the big screen to the world panorama show modern people's air force, this same age with the Republic of the air force, has become a information pilot, the system of modern air force, and from the traditional sense Territorial air defense, support land and sea operations, to "air and sky, both offensive and defensive" strategic goal. Forget the war will be dangerous, alarm bells long! Suffering the Chinese nation, can no longer in the hip-hop intoxicated forget the pain, look around the complex crisis situation, we too need such a passion and reason to contain the cry!
In the case of
"Sky hunting" as the first domestic modern air combat film, its historical significance and innovative value is self-evident. Although the film there are many enhance the space, but also to the follow-up air combat type of film to improve the improvement of space.
Chinese people own modern air warfare film, "empty day hunting" is the first, everything is difficult, we can not expect domestic air combat film overnight, but should give more understanding and support for such films, I believe there will be more in the future More exciting and excellent domestic air combat film produced, greatly enriched the Chinese air combat film this type of film for the military fans and fans to bring unparalleled audio-visual feast!
In the release of the National Day film, a sincerity full of air combat large "empty day hunting" once released by the professional audience and the mainstream public opinion. The film is known as China's first true sense of the modern air war film, blood plot, intense plot, wonderful air war, bombing the viewer's audio-visual senses.
In the case of
Air combat film, in a foreign country is a more mature type of film, such as the Tom Cruise 1986 classic "Top Gun", and then in recent years, countries shooting the "top secret flight", "air war hero", "air battle" "Red baron", "R2B: return base" and other films.
But compared to the war movie of this category, the number of air combat film is relatively scarce. China is no exception, in addition to some of the early years to reflect the Korean War Air Force combat warfare related to the air war, the more so-called air force films are only training, exercise as the background, the real modern air war movie really did not.
In the case of
"Sky" hunting is to fill the gap, but also broke through the past some of the rules for the future shooting of modern air combat film to explore a new way. The film has been the Air Force, China Ordnance Industry Group, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group and many other giants of the strong support of the film more of our active and foreign trade advanced equipment participating, of course, of course, is our army's top ten killer The
In the case of
Movie "empty day hunting" in the F -20 fighter
"Empty day hunting" is the most eye-catching is undoubtedly the F-20 fighter, the film released before the release of a series of J-20 stills. Although the film did not participate in the follow-up of the J-20 military operations, but as the base of the most advanced models still have a number of aesthetic lens, let the audience address him fun.
J-20 as the film's strongest domestic fighter, its service, so that the Chinese Air Force to become the world's second equipped with the fifth generation of fighter countries. So far, Russia's Su-57 is still in the flight test stage, from the formal equipment for some time.
In the case of
The picture shows the Fighter 20 fighter flight screen
J-20 fighter is China's first stealth fighter, but also to adapt to the future needs of the fifth generation fighter aircraft, is aimed at the US F-22 "Raptor" double heavy fighter. With the main emphasis on the air superiority of the United States F-22 different, J-20 both air and ground attack capability, a huge internal magazine can carry a variety of air-to-air, air-to-ground ammunition, that is able to sweep at the beginning of the war Qing enemy air defense system, but also with the enemy's most advanced fighter competition for air supremacy, is the future of war weapons weapons. The recent facelift by stealth processing of the domestic engine of the J-20 a soaring, on behalf of the J-20 real road to go more solid.
"Flying Sky" film opening is the F-11B fighter dual-formation formation of the US military P-3C anti-submarine patrol aircraft from the sea away from the fight, and reinforce the two F-15 fighters for four machine confrontation.
In the case of
The picture shows the F-11B fighter
It is known that the F-11B fighter is a double-engine heavy fighter with the development of the Soviet Union-27 fighters on the basis of the introduction of Su-27 fighter aircraft. It has the advantages of long range, good mobility and strong air warfare. The air intercept in the film against the stimulus, people catch blood, but this is not just a movie plot, in fact, this is derived from the real case.
In recent years, US aircraft frequently in the surrounding waters around the implementation of air reconnaissance activities, the security interests of our country poses a serious threat. We also remember that on April 1, 2001, the hero Wang Wei driving the J-8D fighter in the South China Sea Shanghang from a US Navy EP-3 electronic reconnaissance aircraft, collided with the US aircraft, the Chinese fighter crash, the pilot Wang Wei sacrifice. South China Sea collision incident over the past 12 years on August 19, 2013, in the eastern part of Hainan Island, 215 km international airspace, a J-11B US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft for an interception. According to the US side, the Chinese fighters in the P-8 anti-submarine aircraft above the maneuver, and flew over the P-8 nose, the nearest only 6 meters away. From the J-8D to J-11B, China's fighters, as always, to maintain the security of the territorial waters of the motherland.
In the case of
Intercept the US P-8 anti-submarine patrol aircraft J-11B fighter
As the "empty day hunting" director and actor Li Chen's landline, J -10C is China's complete intellectual property rights of the most advanced fourth-generation medium-sized fighter. In the film, Li Chen driving the machine has a good performance, not only and the enemy Mirage -2000 fighter air combat, there are very rare ultra-low altitude penetration and air defense combat scenes.
In the case of
"Flying days" in the J -10C multi-purpose fighter
J -10C is the latest model in the J-10 fighter family, made a big change in the aerodynamic shape, the inlet to the advanced DSI inlet, improve the aircraft in the subsonic state of the motor performance and stealth capabilities. In the avionics system and fire control system has also made a greater improvement, the installation of the latest active phased array radar, so that both in the detection range or the number of targets than the J -10A / B passive phased array radar and Doppler pulse radar on a lot. These improvements give the J-10C more powerful combat power, not only in the air combat performance has been greatly improved, but also has a more diversified ability to fight against the ground.
In the case of JJ-91 anti-radiation missiles, LT-2 laser-guided bombs to eliminate the enemy Sam-6 air defense missile system scene is worth a look, show the Chinese characteristics of air defense combat operations.
In the case of
The picture shows the Chinese F-10C fighter
In the "empty day hunting" in the air combat operations, the air command is by the domestic air police -500 early warning aircraft to serve. The reason why do not use more large-scale air police -2000 or miniaturization of the air police -200, because the air police -500 is our first use of domestic aircraft carrier platform and disc-type phased array radar models, on behalf of The future development of China's early warning aircraft.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" played in the air police -500 early warning aircraft
Air Force -500 in the 70th anniversary of the anti-Japanese military parade debut, using a new generation of transport -9 improved as the aircraft, the main commitment to air patrol alert task, make up the ground radar low-altitude blind, taking into account the implementation of the command of the air. Can detect, monitor, track and identify incoming air targets, surface targets, and the battlefield situation monitoring, command and guide one's own troops to implement operations.
In the case of
Air police -500 early warning aircraft is our army's most advanced third-generation airborne early warning aircraft
The second "20" number of fighters in the "empty day hunting" is the transport of 20 strategic transport aircraft, carrying the special operations of the players and other fighters to stay together to feel the huge giant.
Yun -20 has a domineering name is called "Kunpeng". "Chuang Tzu Happy Tour" in the "North Ming fish, the name of Kun. Kun of the large, I do not know its thousands of miles also; for the birds, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I do not know its thousands of miles also And the wings of the sky. "With this Chinese legend of the beast named Yun 20 is the" big plane "project bear the fruitful.
The machine adopts conventional layout, cantilevered upper wing, leading edge swept, wingless winglets, maximum takeoff weight of 220 tons, load more than 66 tons, in complex weather conditions, the implementation of various materials and personnel long distance Air transport mission, is China's transport aircraft to the world's most important equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" film shooting scene of the two transport -20 strategic transport aircraft
"Fan Tianbing" Fan Bingbing played a female helicopter pilot, the film has been driving straight -9, m -171 and straight -8K helicopter, the implementation of disaster relief, parachuting pilots rescue, surprise evacuation of hostages and other tasks. Which is the most impressive is driving straight -8K helicopter using the new 7.62 mm Gatlin door machine guns, playing terrorists can not lift their heads, and then wear mountains to avoid the phantom -2000 chase, quite Aspect.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" Fan Bingbing driving meters -171 helicopters
Straight -8K is an airborne special assault helicopter, the machine can be said to be hard-working "military horse", not only in the warehouse equipped with infantry, light vehicles, but also to hang artillery, with a strong carrying capacity. The installation of the door machine gun straight -8K can also cover the airborne troops down, with a certain fire strike capability.
In the case of
In the film Fan Bingbing driving straight -8K helicopter fire to suppress the ground terrorists
Why is it a "rainbow" UAV family rather than a specific model? Because as a strong support for "empty day hunting" shooting China Aerospace Science and Technology Group 11 Institute, which is China's famous "Rainbow" UAV family of her family, for the film, including the multi-type UAV real machine, no Man-machine command and control shelters and other equipment.
In the case of
The picture shows "empty day hunting" in the "Rainbow" UAV family
In the film, we can see the "rainbow" critical space long long-flying solar unmanned aerial vehicles, "Rainbow" -3,5 attack one unmanned aerial vehicles and so on. Wu Xiubo played the old pilots in the ground after the fly is to fly "Rainbow" -5 UAV, and with the air fighters and ground forces to carry out the task of rescue the hostages.
"Rainbow" -5 UAV mass production has recently been successfully in the northwest of a multi-round, multi-bomb ground target test, has carried out the AR-1 air-to-surface missiles, AR-1 improved air to ground Missile, AR-2 light air-to-surface missiles, FT-7B precision guided bombs, FT-9 precision guided bombs, "Blue Arrow" -7 anti-tank missile shooting test, indicates that this is known as "bomb truck" China's most advanced foreign trade has been one of the unmanned aerial vehicles have formed a reliable combat effectiveness!
In the case of
The picture shows Wu Xiubo starring UAV commander exposure Rainbow -5 UAV operating system
The film we can see in the base of the "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system figure. Fan Bingbing is climbing its tall roof blowing the night wind.
"Lu Dun" -2000 system is currently widely equipped with Air Force air defense missile forces, the main weapon is a 7 tube 30 mm near the anti-gun, the highest firing rate of 4200 per minute can make the enemy air target instantly into a sieve. The system and the "Red Flag" -6A in the short-range surface-to-air missile combination, can form a red flag -6A artillery air defense system, mainly for the airport, command center, transportation hub, long-range air defense positions and other important targets of the last defense, Can effectively intercept air missiles, cruise missiles and helicopters and other low-altitude targets.
In the case of
The picture shows China's "land shield" -2000 short-range air defense system
The film we can see the special combat team members take an 8 round car into the transport cabin, this small armored car name is CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle. Car body than a QQ car is also pocket, but it has eight sturdy big tires, a small front of the two white headlights appear da da da da.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" movie, into the transport -20 warehouse "Bobcat" all-terrain assault car
Although the car will sell Meng in the end, but the work is still unambiguous. The car installed a 1.5-liter turbocharged diesel engine, with 8 × 8 full-time drive, and ultra-low pressure off-road tires also ensure that the vehicle can travel in a variety of environments. We can see the car who jump up and down, enjoying themselves, showing a good all-terrain ability.
The film is the basic version of the convertible, the car has now developed a complete car family, some convertible, some with sealed cars, and some loaded heavy machine guns, and some carrying a multi-barrel rocket launchers, and some even The 81 mm mortar and 120 mm garnet mounted on the body, like a movie in the Transformers.
In the case of
The picture shows CS / VP4 "Bobcat" all-terrain vehicle
Pay attention to see "empty day hunting" those special warfighters in the hands of weapons, not our army active 81,95,03 rifle, but the new sense of science and technology of new firearms. This is the Chinese weapons and equipment group launched a new type of NAR modular gun family.
NAR gun family consists of three kinds of caliber ammunition system, 5.56 × 45,7.62 × 39,7.62 × 51, including two NATO ammunition ammunition, mainly for foreign trade research and development. Each caliber has a combat rifle (basic type), assault rifle (short barrel type), precision rifle (semi-automatic sniper rifle), class machine gun. At the same time, NAR guns also pay great attention to gun man-machine engineering and aesthetic design, in the film we can appreciate the power of this advanced gun family.
In the case of
The picture shows the "empty day hunting" in the use of special forces NAR modular assault rifle
"Empty day hunting" for the first time on the big screen to the world panorama show modern people's air force, this same age with the Republic of the air force, has become a information pilot, the system of modern air force, and from the traditional sense Territorial air defense, support land and sea operations, to "air and sky, both offensive and defensive" strategic goal. Forget the war will be dangerous, alarm bells long! Suffering the Chinese nation, can no longer in the hip-hop intoxicated forget the pain, look around the complex crisis situation, we too need such a passion and reason to contain the cry!
In the case of
"Sky hunting" as the first domestic modern air combat film, its historical significance and innovative value is self-evident. Although the film there are many enhance the space, but also to the follow-up air combat type of film to improve the improvement of space.
Chinese people own modern air warfare film, "empty day hunting" is the first, everything is difficult, we can not expect domestic air combat film overnight, but should give more understanding and support for such films, I believe there will be more in the future More exciting and excellent domestic air combat film produced, greatly enriched the Chinese air combat film this type of film for the military fans and fans to bring unparalleled audio-visual feast!
Kobelashi fake pilgrimage to the Japanese weapons, land, sea and air equipment have been affected
Kobelashi fake pilgrimage to the Japanese weapons, land, sea and air equipment have been affected
The world's third largest iron and steel company, Kobe Steel's product quality fraud scandal, intensified. Japanese media said on the 14th, involving counterfeiting problems increased to 13 kinds of products, the number of buyers affected by up to 500. In this long list of victims of the enterprise, you can find Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Subaru, Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Group and many other Japanese military enterprises, and they are the Japanese self-defense forces major equipment manufacturing enterprises.
Land: Armored artillery performance shrinks
Japan's news network said Kobe Steel for Japan's automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace and electronics and other industrial sectors to provide a large number of primary products, including iron, steel, aluminum products, copper products and even the use of LCD screen alloy materials used. For the SDF, the scandal brought about the most troublesome problem was "lagging effect", because these problematic steel and other primary materials were made as tank body, barrel and other finished products after the troops, not like Modular parts as "bad which cut which," only after the equipment out of the problem to find the crux.
In the case of the SDF, these inferior materials are most likely to lead to a sharp shrinking of the strength of armored and artillery units. In the past, the Japanese military industry chain is often only extended within the relevant enterprises, such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries production of 90 main battle tanks, 89 infantry fighting vehicles and other self-defense armor weapons, usually only to the Group of Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi Copper and other companies Buy raw materials. But in recent years the Japanese Ministry of Defense to open up the tender object, looking for more affordable raw material suppliers, Kobe Steel was able to cover the relevant areas.
Kobe Steel is good at smelting alloy steel, the industry said that the company's barrel chrome plating process is better than Mitsubishi steel counterparts, while the production of alloy steel armor also has an exclusive heat treatment process. According to reports, metallurgical business is the most common resort is to reduce the nickel, chromium, molybdenum and other expensive strategic precious metal formula content, and in high temperature refining process to reduce the cost.
But "fraud is easy to identify difficult", unless the SDF team of professionals to implement the "carpet-type investigation", otherwise it is difficult to easily determine what equipment in the end problems. Such as tanks and armored armor in the end is carburized surface hardened steel armor or ordinary armor, rely on the mass spectrometer to carefully screened. Can be equipped with the problem of armor, the future combat in the combat vehicle once hit by high-speed ammunition, armor even if not breakdown, but also a large area of crack, loss of protective effect.
The land self-defense force at the end of 2016 at the end of the Jiuzhu town in Tuen open activities, there have been 96-type wheeled armored vehicles wheel off the shaft accident, the armored vehicle earlier in Iraq, there have been suspected car roof cracks. The production of the car in Japan Komatsu production is Kobe Steel's long-term customers, which whether there is no association, with the "fake scandal" fermentation, the future will become the land self-defense team's heart disease.
Sea: submarine quality doubt
In the Maritime Self-Defense Force, Kobe Steel plays a particularly important role. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ishikawajima Seeding Heavy Industries and other Japanese warships construction giant on the extensive use of Kobe Steel provided by the metal products.
According to the Japanese "World Ship" disclosure, SDF ship steel, especially submarine steel, widely used in Kobe Steel provides high yield strength alloy steel. In particular, low-alloy, high-strength steels with a yield of 550 MPa and 690 MPa are manufactured by a special process of "Ni-Cr-Mo Quenching and Tempering Heat Treatment" held by Kobe Steel. However, in 2006, Japan "tide" submarine and Korean cargo ship collision accident, South Korea cargo ship leakage, and "Chao Chao" boat bow a huge dent. Compared to the previous US "Greenville" nuclear submarines and Japanese fishing practitioners collision accident, the Japanese ship was hit, the US submarine was a slight loss. The same is the submarine and the civil ship collision, the result is so different, can not help but let a lot of people doubt the Japanese submarine strong degree of flaws.
As for the copper and copper alloy materials, the Maritime Self-Defense Force used Kobe Steel products are also very impressive. Due to its good resistance to seawater corrosion, the SDV's propeller and power tank internal pipelines also make extensive use of copper and copper alloys, many of which are made of Kobe Steel's materials. Let the Japanese Self-Defense Force worry that the Japanese ship design habits in the structural strength of the redundancy do not do "extreme consideration", if Kobe Steel "by conscience" to do Seiko, it is not a big deal, but once it cut corners, direct The result is that the performance of ships is not up to standard.
Air: Missile missile electronics
Kobe Steel's problems also affect the Air Self-Defense Force. It is reported that the Ministry of Defense indirectly recognized the problems of Kobe steel products, aluminum products have been used in aircraft, missiles and electronic systems, but will not "immediately affect the use of".
According to reports, Kobe Steel for the Japanese fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and missiles to provide fuselage aluminum frame, missile parts, etc., if the quality of defects, these high-value weapons, the right rate will undoubtedly greatly reduced. At present, the outside world is most concerned about the reliability of the Air Self Defense Force weapons. On October 5, the Self-Defense Force's F-15 fighter carried 99-type air-to-air missiles actually lost in the flight wing, and this in the air, "out of parts" things have occurred many times.
Experts in the evaluation, compared to aluminum products, the Air Self-Defense Force is more worried about Kobe Steel provided by the copper products in question, because in aircraft, helicopters, missiles and satellites, not only microelectronic control systems and instruments, instrumentation equipment to use copper, Many key components also use copper and copper alloys. For example, less than 11% tin is bronze pipe joints, "the main material", and manganese bronze to very high strength, tough, corrosion-resistant, is the aircraft landing gear and bracket "headed material."
In addition, the Air Self-Defense Force's missile engine combustion chamber and thrust chamber lining is also basically made of copper alloy, if there is shoddy situation, ranging from weapons failure, while the machine destroyed.
The world's third largest iron and steel company, Kobe Steel's product quality fraud scandal, intensified. Japanese media said on the 14th, involving counterfeiting problems increased to 13 kinds of products, the number of buyers affected by up to 500. In this long list of victims of the enterprise, you can find Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Subaru, Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Group and many other Japanese military enterprises, and they are the Japanese self-defense forces major equipment manufacturing enterprises.
Land: Armored artillery performance shrinks
Japan's news network said Kobe Steel for Japan's automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace and electronics and other industrial sectors to provide a large number of primary products, including iron, steel, aluminum products, copper products and even the use of LCD screen alloy materials used. For the SDF, the scandal brought about the most troublesome problem was "lagging effect", because these problematic steel and other primary materials were made as tank body, barrel and other finished products after the troops, not like Modular parts as "bad which cut which," only after the equipment out of the problem to find the crux.
In the case of the SDF, these inferior materials are most likely to lead to a sharp shrinking of the strength of armored and artillery units. In the past, the Japanese military industry chain is often only extended within the relevant enterprises, such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries production of 90 main battle tanks, 89 infantry fighting vehicles and other self-defense armor weapons, usually only to the Group of Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi Copper and other companies Buy raw materials. But in recent years the Japanese Ministry of Defense to open up the tender object, looking for more affordable raw material suppliers, Kobe Steel was able to cover the relevant areas.
Kobe Steel is good at smelting alloy steel, the industry said that the company's barrel chrome plating process is better than Mitsubishi steel counterparts, while the production of alloy steel armor also has an exclusive heat treatment process. According to reports, metallurgical business is the most common resort is to reduce the nickel, chromium, molybdenum and other expensive strategic precious metal formula content, and in high temperature refining process to reduce the cost.
But "fraud is easy to identify difficult", unless the SDF team of professionals to implement the "carpet-type investigation", otherwise it is difficult to easily determine what equipment in the end problems. Such as tanks and armored armor in the end is carburized surface hardened steel armor or ordinary armor, rely on the mass spectrometer to carefully screened. Can be equipped with the problem of armor, the future combat in the combat vehicle once hit by high-speed ammunition, armor even if not breakdown, but also a large area of crack, loss of protective effect.
The land self-defense force at the end of 2016 at the end of the Jiuzhu town in Tuen open activities, there have been 96-type wheeled armored vehicles wheel off the shaft accident, the armored vehicle earlier in Iraq, there have been suspected car roof cracks. The production of the car in Japan Komatsu production is Kobe Steel's long-term customers, which whether there is no association, with the "fake scandal" fermentation, the future will become the land self-defense team's heart disease.
Sea: submarine quality doubt
In the Maritime Self-Defense Force, Kobe Steel plays a particularly important role. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ishikawajima Seeding Heavy Industries and other Japanese warships construction giant on the extensive use of Kobe Steel provided by the metal products.
According to the Japanese "World Ship" disclosure, SDF ship steel, especially submarine steel, widely used in Kobe Steel provides high yield strength alloy steel. In particular, low-alloy, high-strength steels with a yield of 550 MPa and 690 MPa are manufactured by a special process of "Ni-Cr-Mo Quenching and Tempering Heat Treatment" held by Kobe Steel. However, in 2006, Japan "tide" submarine and Korean cargo ship collision accident, South Korea cargo ship leakage, and "Chao Chao" boat bow a huge dent. Compared to the previous US "Greenville" nuclear submarines and Japanese fishing practitioners collision accident, the Japanese ship was hit, the US submarine was a slight loss. The same is the submarine and the civil ship collision, the result is so different, can not help but let a lot of people doubt the Japanese submarine strong degree of flaws.
As for the copper and copper alloy materials, the Maritime Self-Defense Force used Kobe Steel products are also very impressive. Due to its good resistance to seawater corrosion, the SDV's propeller and power tank internal pipelines also make extensive use of copper and copper alloys, many of which are made of Kobe Steel's materials. Let the Japanese Self-Defense Force worry that the Japanese ship design habits in the structural strength of the redundancy do not do "extreme consideration", if Kobe Steel "by conscience" to do Seiko, it is not a big deal, but once it cut corners, direct The result is that the performance of ships is not up to standard.
Air: Missile missile electronics
Kobe Steel's problems also affect the Air Self-Defense Force. It is reported that the Ministry of Defense indirectly recognized the problems of Kobe steel products, aluminum products have been used in aircraft, missiles and electronic systems, but will not "immediately affect the use of".
According to reports, Kobe Steel for the Japanese fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and missiles to provide fuselage aluminum frame, missile parts, etc., if the quality of defects, these high-value weapons, the right rate will undoubtedly greatly reduced. At present, the outside world is most concerned about the reliability of the Air Self Defense Force weapons. On October 5, the Self-Defense Force's F-15 fighter carried 99-type air-to-air missiles actually lost in the flight wing, and this in the air, "out of parts" things have occurred many times.
Experts in the evaluation, compared to aluminum products, the Air Self-Defense Force is more worried about Kobe Steel provided by the copper products in question, because in aircraft, helicopters, missiles and satellites, not only microelectronic control systems and instruments, instrumentation equipment to use copper, Many key components also use copper and copper alloys. For example, less than 11% tin is bronze pipe joints, "the main material", and manganese bronze to very high strength, tough, corrosion-resistant, is the aircraft landing gear and bracket "headed material."
In addition, the Air Self-Defense Force's missile engine combustion chamber and thrust chamber lining is also basically made of copper alloy, if there is shoddy situation, ranging from weapons failure, while the machine destroyed.
Chinese tanks successfully exported to Thailand, behind the three countries "contributed"!
Chinese tanks successfully exported to Thailand, behind the three countries "contributed"!
Welcome to "Shi Jiang Yue Defense Watch"
US military or send two aircraft carrier group + two nuclear submarines to South Korea, which is wanted to do?
Australia F-35, P-8 and other advanced weapons secretly stolen, dirty water and want to splash China!
US experts: 095 nuclear submarine more quiet, the secret may be here!
Author: Ye Beiqian
Thailand's "Bangkok Post" reported on Oct. 11 that Thailand purchased the first VT-4 main battle tanks from China on Oct. 8 and arrived in Thailand's Tuo Taoyi Ferry Terminal and began delivery of the Thai side. Thai media reported that 26 of these tanks will be equipped with Kong Jingfu 3rd Armored Division barracks, the other two will be equipped with the North standard armored center and the Army Ordnance Hall, as a research and training of chariot.
In the case of
Thai Royal Army Commander Lin Lin guess, although the delivery time of these tanks ahead of a full six months, but in good condition, not "in the warehouse idle old tank."
Thailand plans to purchase 49 units in three batches of VT-4 tanks, the delivery of Thailand in 2016 to China to purchase the first batch of tank procurement contracts. At that time, China's VT-4 main battle tanks, including the Russian-made T-90S, including a number of competitors, won the total value of 4.9 billion baht, about 970 million yuan in Thailand main battle tank procurement contract.
In April 2017, the Thai Cabinet approved the second batch of a total of 10 purchase contracts, the total value of 2 billion baht.
Thailand launched a new generation of tank procurement program many years ago, plans to purchase 150 third-generation main battle tanks, to replace Thailand has been serving about 40 years of US-made M48, M60 and China 69 tanks. In 2011, Thailand and Ukraine signed a contract to purchase 49 Ukrainian "Fort" main battle tanks, the contract value of about 7.2 billion baht. "Fort" tanks from the Ukrainian Kharkov Marion plant based on the T-84 main battle tanks based on research and development, in April 2012 to start production work, and in May 2013 to complete the first five delivery.
In the case of
"Fort" tank
But with the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2014, the Uruguayan government will focus on the anti-government armed forces backed by Russia, and will be sent to the Thai tanks seized, misappropriated to the front to compensate for the huge losses caused by the war. Kharkov Marion factory's main energy is also on the front line repair damaged chariot, etc., unable to continue to provide products for the Thai side, can not provide adequate after-sales service guarantee. In this case, Thailand was eventually forced to re-purchase Chinese tanks.
Thailand eventually buy China VT-4 tanks, in addition to the tank itself is excellent quality, the United States factors can not be ignored.
In the case of
After the Thai military coup in the first half of 2015, the United States asked Thailand to achieve democratization, the freezing of $ 4.7 million in military aid, and the abolition of some of the Thai military cooperation projects, while Thailand accused the United States of interfering with its internal affairs. Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Orientalism Ye Lianna Fermiccheva that, when "Obama's tone of mind actually for China to expand the sale of Thai troops cleared the road."
Thailand first announced the decision to buy from China 3 "yuan" class submarines, and then bought the VT-4 main battle tanks. Fermitcheva pointed out that these transactions are conducive to strengthening the Thai-Chinese relations, but also to the United States to play a "warning reminder" role.
In the case of
In fact, before the purchase of Chinese submarines and tanks on the issue, the views of Thailand is not uniform. "Thailand is the best friend of Thailand, but Bangkok is going to tell the Americans, do not take our nose, and Thailand can find other military partners," said Thai Prime Minister Barack Obama, who is the final friend of Thailand. This is China."
Welcome to "Shi Jiang Yue Defense Watch"
US military or send two aircraft carrier group + two nuclear submarines to South Korea, which is wanted to do?
Australia F-35, P-8 and other advanced weapons secretly stolen, dirty water and want to splash China!
US experts: 095 nuclear submarine more quiet, the secret may be here!
Author: Ye Beiqian
Thailand's "Bangkok Post" reported on Oct. 11 that Thailand purchased the first VT-4 main battle tanks from China on Oct. 8 and arrived in Thailand's Tuo Taoyi Ferry Terminal and began delivery of the Thai side. Thai media reported that 26 of these tanks will be equipped with Kong Jingfu 3rd Armored Division barracks, the other two will be equipped with the North standard armored center and the Army Ordnance Hall, as a research and training of chariot.
In the case of
Thai Royal Army Commander Lin Lin guess, although the delivery time of these tanks ahead of a full six months, but in good condition, not "in the warehouse idle old tank."
Thailand plans to purchase 49 units in three batches of VT-4 tanks, the delivery of Thailand in 2016 to China to purchase the first batch of tank procurement contracts. At that time, China's VT-4 main battle tanks, including the Russian-made T-90S, including a number of competitors, won the total value of 4.9 billion baht, about 970 million yuan in Thailand main battle tank procurement contract.
In April 2017, the Thai Cabinet approved the second batch of a total of 10 purchase contracts, the total value of 2 billion baht.
Thailand launched a new generation of tank procurement program many years ago, plans to purchase 150 third-generation main battle tanks, to replace Thailand has been serving about 40 years of US-made M48, M60 and China 69 tanks. In 2011, Thailand and Ukraine signed a contract to purchase 49 Ukrainian "Fort" main battle tanks, the contract value of about 7.2 billion baht. "Fort" tanks from the Ukrainian Kharkov Marion plant based on the T-84 main battle tanks based on research and development, in April 2012 to start production work, and in May 2013 to complete the first five delivery.
In the case of
"Fort" tank
But with the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2014, the Uruguayan government will focus on the anti-government armed forces backed by Russia, and will be sent to the Thai tanks seized, misappropriated to the front to compensate for the huge losses caused by the war. Kharkov Marion factory's main energy is also on the front line repair damaged chariot, etc., unable to continue to provide products for the Thai side, can not provide adequate after-sales service guarantee. In this case, Thailand was eventually forced to re-purchase Chinese tanks.
Thailand eventually buy China VT-4 tanks, in addition to the tank itself is excellent quality, the United States factors can not be ignored.
In the case of
After the Thai military coup in the first half of 2015, the United States asked Thailand to achieve democratization, the freezing of $ 4.7 million in military aid, and the abolition of some of the Thai military cooperation projects, while Thailand accused the United States of interfering with its internal affairs. Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Orientalism Ye Lianna Fermiccheva that, when "Obama's tone of mind actually for China to expand the sale of Thai troops cleared the road."
Thailand first announced the decision to buy from China 3 "yuan" class submarines, and then bought the VT-4 main battle tanks. Fermitcheva pointed out that these transactions are conducive to strengthening the Thai-Chinese relations, but also to the United States to play a "warning reminder" role.
In the case of
In fact, before the purchase of Chinese submarines and tanks on the issue, the views of Thailand is not uniform. "Thailand is the best friend of Thailand, but Bangkok is going to tell the Americans, do not take our nose, and Thailand can find other military partners," said Thai Prime Minister Barack Obama, who is the final friend of Thailand. This is China."
Deter the Western countries for many years, the voyage only enough to fly to the United States made 110 breath
Deter the Western countries for many years, the voyage only enough to fly to the United States made 110 breath
With the Russian economy in the "independence" after the gradual recovery of strength, strategic bombers cruise the "game" and began to "play up" the. This is not in April of this year, Russia Figure 95 strategic bombers carrying can carry nuclear warhead KN-55 cruise missile "overlooking" the United States Alaska. And the Americans naturally will not miss this "great opportunity", so the US Secretary of State personally, not only the Russian Figure 95MS described as "vicious", but also the behavior of the Russian Figure 95MS called "and its not professional and not Responsible. And Russia has not been "US Secretary of State" speech scared gallbladder, and also increased the "overlooking" the number of Alaska. But in the small soldier view, although the Russian strategic bomber force "lineup" is very strong, but those bombers are its father "Soviet" to the.
In the case of
So the small soldiers today to give you "water a", talk about the Soviet strategic bomber development history.
In 1945, Japan became a "bridgehead" of "democratic state" because Japan had been "justified" in the two places of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At that time the Soviet Union, because of the end of the Patriotic War, and their home industry has been "serious damage", so the Soviet Union "detained" B29 bombers modeled on the design of the Soviet version of the "stratospheric fortress", 4 "Bull" was born. But because of the rapid development of jet aircraft, coupled with the Soviet Union has been "Western world" and "future" and "big anger." So the United States can fly to the local jet bombers was put on the agenda. In the Mia Sishev's "blessing", the Soviet Union's first jet-type strategic bomber "Mia-4" "bison" was born.
Mia -4 strategic bombers, 47.20 meters long, wingspan 50.48 meters, 11.30 meters high, the maximum takeoff weight 138,500 kilograms, the maximum range reached 8100 km. Although the Mia-4 is the Soviet Union's first jet-type strategic bomber, but its maximum range can only guarantee to fly to the United States, back and forth do not come back to see Mexico's "face", if the "face" Mia-4 can "bomb the perfect after the country" directly to the Mexican fuel supply, and then fly back to the Soviet Union, if the "face" is not good, then sorry, may Mia-4 can only be "Soviet version" The machine. So this model aircraft finally produced 110 to serve as the Soviet Union's "facade."
In the case of
With the United States B-52 bombers on the battlefield in Vietnam, the Soviet Union began to develop alternative mia -4 strategic bombers, the beginning of the hair or want to use the turbojet engine as the driving force, but since their own aircraft engine behind the United States 20 years. But with the coaxial reverse propeller and turboprop engine technology mature, the Soviet Union began to proceed from reality, developed a strategic bombardment in Figure 95, the model bombers not only for the first time the Soviet Union has a real threat to the United States "flight Fortress ", but also let the Soviet Union really have a" strategic space-based nuclear strike platform. "
With the "European Sanjie" a large number of long-range air defense missiles, originally used to deter Europe Figure 16 bombers began to expose many problems, such as aircraft can not supersonic flight, aircraft survivability and so on. At this time the world aviation industry blowing a "variable swept wing" of the "whirlwind". Thus, the Soviet Union Tupole design bureau according to the actual needs of the Soviet army, developed the Figure 22 "goggles" supersonic bomber. The aircraft compared to Figure 16 bomber, it is fast and flexible, once launched, it is widely popular with Soviet pilots. But as the Soviet Union's anti-ship mission gradually transferred from Figure 16 to Figure 22, Figure 22 bombers can not carry long-range missiles has become a trouble, at the same time, because the Soviet Union's overall chemical level is not high, so the missile's size and weight naturally large So, in order to meet the "long-range missile" needs, Tupolev Design Bureau began in Figure 22 "goggles" bombers on the basis of improvement, developed a 22M counter-fire bombers. The aircraft is not only able to carry long-range missiles, and optimize the aerodynamic shape and engine, so that the aircraft became the Soviet Union against the aircraft carrier "killer" weapons.
In the case of
With the United States B1 "Lancers" bombers a lot of service, strategic bomber development trend from the beginning of the high-altitude bomb into a low-altitude penetration, and then Figure 95 bombers not only slow speed, and low-level performance is very poor. So, the Soviet Union to B1 "Lancers" bombers modeled, according to the actual situation of the Soviet Union, developed a 160 "pirate flag." Although the aircraft from the appearance of the United States with the B1 bomber is very similar, but the aircraft's technical source is their own home map 144 supersonic aircraft. Although the aircraft because of "security" and "economic" reasons and dismount, but for the Soviet Union 160 bomber project into the "experience." With the United States B2 service, stealth strategic bombers began to become the world's largest air force "new darling", and the largest "cents" of the Soviet Union naturally will not let go. So, the Soviet Union launched the T-4MS bomber project, the project not only integrated the Soviet Union's highest aviation level, and even plans to install two-dimensional vector engine. But with the dumping of the building, the project finally due to lack of funds and dismount.
Although the small soldiers at the beginning said the Russian bombers deter the United States related topics, but no Soviet father left the "legacy", I am afraid that Russia in how "drink vodka", also dare not in the "American Uncle" in front of "making times." Therefore, China still wants to develop new strategic bombers. After all, we in some areas of the "presence" and "sound" also need bombers to "pass".
With the Russian economy in the "independence" after the gradual recovery of strength, strategic bombers cruise the "game" and began to "play up" the. This is not in April of this year, Russia Figure 95 strategic bombers carrying can carry nuclear warhead KN-55 cruise missile "overlooking" the United States Alaska. And the Americans naturally will not miss this "great opportunity", so the US Secretary of State personally, not only the Russian Figure 95MS described as "vicious", but also the behavior of the Russian Figure 95MS called "and its not professional and not Responsible. And Russia has not been "US Secretary of State" speech scared gallbladder, and also increased the "overlooking" the number of Alaska. But in the small soldier view, although the Russian strategic bomber force "lineup" is very strong, but those bombers are its father "Soviet" to the.
In the case of
So the small soldiers today to give you "water a", talk about the Soviet strategic bomber development history.
In 1945, Japan became a "bridgehead" of "democratic state" because Japan had been "justified" in the two places of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At that time the Soviet Union, because of the end of the Patriotic War, and their home industry has been "serious damage", so the Soviet Union "detained" B29 bombers modeled on the design of the Soviet version of the "stratospheric fortress", 4 "Bull" was born. But because of the rapid development of jet aircraft, coupled with the Soviet Union has been "Western world" and "future" and "big anger." So the United States can fly to the local jet bombers was put on the agenda. In the Mia Sishev's "blessing", the Soviet Union's first jet-type strategic bomber "Mia-4" "bison" was born.
Mia -4 strategic bombers, 47.20 meters long, wingspan 50.48 meters, 11.30 meters high, the maximum takeoff weight 138,500 kilograms, the maximum range reached 8100 km. Although the Mia-4 is the Soviet Union's first jet-type strategic bomber, but its maximum range can only guarantee to fly to the United States, back and forth do not come back to see Mexico's "face", if the "face" Mia-4 can "bomb the perfect after the country" directly to the Mexican fuel supply, and then fly back to the Soviet Union, if the "face" is not good, then sorry, may Mia-4 can only be "Soviet version" The machine. So this model aircraft finally produced 110 to serve as the Soviet Union's "facade."
In the case of
With the United States B-52 bombers on the battlefield in Vietnam, the Soviet Union began to develop alternative mia -4 strategic bombers, the beginning of the hair or want to use the turbojet engine as the driving force, but since their own aircraft engine behind the United States 20 years. But with the coaxial reverse propeller and turboprop engine technology mature, the Soviet Union began to proceed from reality, developed a strategic bombardment in Figure 95, the model bombers not only for the first time the Soviet Union has a real threat to the United States "flight Fortress ", but also let the Soviet Union really have a" strategic space-based nuclear strike platform. "
With the "European Sanjie" a large number of long-range air defense missiles, originally used to deter Europe Figure 16 bombers began to expose many problems, such as aircraft can not supersonic flight, aircraft survivability and so on. At this time the world aviation industry blowing a "variable swept wing" of the "whirlwind". Thus, the Soviet Union Tupole design bureau according to the actual needs of the Soviet army, developed the Figure 22 "goggles" supersonic bomber. The aircraft compared to Figure 16 bomber, it is fast and flexible, once launched, it is widely popular with Soviet pilots. But as the Soviet Union's anti-ship mission gradually transferred from Figure 16 to Figure 22, Figure 22 bombers can not carry long-range missiles has become a trouble, at the same time, because the Soviet Union's overall chemical level is not high, so the missile's size and weight naturally large So, in order to meet the "long-range missile" needs, Tupolev Design Bureau began in Figure 22 "goggles" bombers on the basis of improvement, developed a 22M counter-fire bombers. The aircraft is not only able to carry long-range missiles, and optimize the aerodynamic shape and engine, so that the aircraft became the Soviet Union against the aircraft carrier "killer" weapons.
In the case of
With the United States B1 "Lancers" bombers a lot of service, strategic bomber development trend from the beginning of the high-altitude bomb into a low-altitude penetration, and then Figure 95 bombers not only slow speed, and low-level performance is very poor. So, the Soviet Union to B1 "Lancers" bombers modeled, according to the actual situation of the Soviet Union, developed a 160 "pirate flag." Although the aircraft from the appearance of the United States with the B1 bomber is very similar, but the aircraft's technical source is their own home map 144 supersonic aircraft. Although the aircraft because of "security" and "economic" reasons and dismount, but for the Soviet Union 160 bomber project into the "experience." With the United States B2 service, stealth strategic bombers began to become the world's largest air force "new darling", and the largest "cents" of the Soviet Union naturally will not let go. So, the Soviet Union launched the T-4MS bomber project, the project not only integrated the Soviet Union's highest aviation level, and even plans to install two-dimensional vector engine. But with the dumping of the building, the project finally due to lack of funds and dismount.
Although the small soldiers at the beginning said the Russian bombers deter the United States related topics, but no Soviet father left the "legacy", I am afraid that Russia in how "drink vodka", also dare not in the "American Uncle" in front of "making times." Therefore, China still wants to develop new strategic bombers. After all, we in some areas of the "presence" and "sound" also need bombers to "pass".
China to build a new super center of quantum research
China to build a new super center of quantum research
According to the US Science magazine "popular science" website reported on October 10, in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, an area of 37 hectares of land, a cost of billions of dollars of quantum science research center is about to stand. Not long ago, China opened the world's first quantum communication trunk, combined with "Mozi" satellite, the successful implementation of the world's first interstate quantum communications video calls.
The new super center, known as the National Laboratory for Quantum Information, is scheduled to be operational by 2020, the report said. The lab has two main research objectives: quantum computing and manufacturing a quantum computer. The success of these two research results will provide a strong support for the development of China's military, national defense and civil innovation.
The so-called quantum metrology, in simple terms, is to measure the gravity and other physical effects of subtle changes can be used to build high-precision, outside the impact of the navigation system. This is an unmanned car and submarine need to use a key technology.
As for the other task of the laboratory - the construction of China's first quantum computer, according to China's quantum information field authoritative scientist Pan Jianwei introduction, its computing power than all the world's computers add up to 100 million times faster.
"Popular Science" pointed out that the current China is vigorously promoting quantum research work, "Mozi" quantum satellite success, making China have the ability to build a nationwide quantum network for military communications and financial transactions. Quantum key is currently the only known human can not be eavesdropping, can not decipher the communication. Once the quantum key is intercepted or measured, its own state will change immediately. The person who intercepts the quantum key can only get invalid information, and the legal recipient of the information can learn from the change of the quantum state that the quantum key has been intercepted. "Quantum keys may be information technology and a secure future, where China has been involved and occupies a favorable position."
According to the US Science magazine "popular science" website reported on October 10, in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, an area of 37 hectares of land, a cost of billions of dollars of quantum science research center is about to stand. Not long ago, China opened the world's first quantum communication trunk, combined with "Mozi" satellite, the successful implementation of the world's first interstate quantum communications video calls.
The new super center, known as the National Laboratory for Quantum Information, is scheduled to be operational by 2020, the report said. The lab has two main research objectives: quantum computing and manufacturing a quantum computer. The success of these two research results will provide a strong support for the development of China's military, national defense and civil innovation.
The so-called quantum metrology, in simple terms, is to measure the gravity and other physical effects of subtle changes can be used to build high-precision, outside the impact of the navigation system. This is an unmanned car and submarine need to use a key technology.
As for the other task of the laboratory - the construction of China's first quantum computer, according to China's quantum information field authoritative scientist Pan Jianwei introduction, its computing power than all the world's computers add up to 100 million times faster.
"Popular Science" pointed out that the current China is vigorously promoting quantum research work, "Mozi" quantum satellite success, making China have the ability to build a nationwide quantum network for military communications and financial transactions. Quantum key is currently the only known human can not be eavesdropping, can not decipher the communication. Once the quantum key is intercepted or measured, its own state will change immediately. The person who intercepts the quantum key can only get invalid information, and the legal recipient of the information can learn from the change of the quantum state that the quantum key has been intercepted. "Quantum keys may be information technology and a secure future, where China has been involved and occupies a favorable position."
055 large destroyer fire world class
055 large destroyer fire world class
Photo: In the afternoon of October 12, Shanghai Oriental TV broadcast news program, showing the Jiangnan shipyard in Shanghai, "million tons of destroyers launched behind the story." These video information, showing a lot of 055 tons of new drive the new lens. Which can be seen, 055 destroyers a total of 112 hair units.
According to the United States "war boring" website recently reported that the Oriental TV in the first exposure of the Chinese Navy's first 055 missile destroyer clear plan, which confirmed the Western military analysts had conjecture: 055 type The destroyer is equipped with 112 vertical launch units that can carry anti-aircraft missiles, anti-ship missiles and land attack cruise missiles.
According to reports, the first 055 destroyer started construction in 2014, is expected to be in 2018 service, its length of 180 meters, the displacement of 11,000 tons, from the 90s of last century China launched the Navy modernization program, focusing on building a large number Of small and medium-sized destroyers and frigates, and now these warships patrol in China's coastal areas, or in the distant Gulf of Aden to carry out anti-piracy mission, but also escorted to Liaoning aircraft carrier ocean training.
According to the US media, before the 055 destroyer, China's largest destroyer is 052D, the ship displacement of 7500 tons, can carry 64 vertical launch unit, a total of nine water, there are more than under construction, compared to , The US Navy's Aibei Keke class destroyer displacement of 9600 tons, equipped with 96 hair units, the Japanese Ai Dang level displacement of 10,000 tons, also equipped with 96 hair units.
US media said the successful development of the 055 destroyer makes the Chinese navy in the fire has been more than the other Pacific coast of the naval power, if the statistics of the Chinese Navy surface ships launch unit, then China is still lagging behind the United States, but almost more than Japan Maritime Self Defense Force.
Photo: In the afternoon of October 12, Shanghai Oriental TV broadcast news program, showing the Jiangnan shipyard in Shanghai, "million tons of destroyers launched behind the story." These video information, showing a lot of 055 tons of new drive the new lens. Which can be seen, 055 destroyers a total of 112 hair units.
According to the United States "war boring" website recently reported that the Oriental TV in the first exposure of the Chinese Navy's first 055 missile destroyer clear plan, which confirmed the Western military analysts had conjecture: 055 type The destroyer is equipped with 112 vertical launch units that can carry anti-aircraft missiles, anti-ship missiles and land attack cruise missiles.
According to reports, the first 055 destroyer started construction in 2014, is expected to be in 2018 service, its length of 180 meters, the displacement of 11,000 tons, from the 90s of last century China launched the Navy modernization program, focusing on building a large number Of small and medium-sized destroyers and frigates, and now these warships patrol in China's coastal areas, or in the distant Gulf of Aden to carry out anti-piracy mission, but also escorted to Liaoning aircraft carrier ocean training.
According to the US media, before the 055 destroyer, China's largest destroyer is 052D, the ship displacement of 7500 tons, can carry 64 vertical launch unit, a total of nine water, there are more than under construction, compared to , The US Navy's Aibei Keke class destroyer displacement of 9600 tons, equipped with 96 hair units, the Japanese Ai Dang level displacement of 10,000 tons, also equipped with 96 hair units.
US media said the successful development of the 055 destroyer makes the Chinese navy in the fire has been more than the other Pacific coast of the naval power, if the statistics of the Chinese Navy surface ships launch unit, then China is still lagging behind the United States, but almost more than Japan Maritime Self Defense Force.
China will sell 8 039B: Pakistani submarines can effectively fight against India
China will sell 8 039B: Pakistani submarines can effectively fight against India
Foreign media that China will provide to the Pakistan Navy eight 039B conventional power submarines. If you are careful, Pakistan's underwater submarine forces will have the ability to confront India in a positive way. Listen to Sasha say it.
In the case of
China will begin delivery in 2018 and deliver delivery by 2022.
At the same time, from 2023 onwards, the Pakistan Karachi shipyard will be a year the speed of a continuous construction of four.
In the case of
Eventually, the Pakistan Navy will have eight 039B submarines.
In the case of
Cooperation is still provided by China to Pakistan loans, while providing to the AIP system and weapons, including most of the parts.
With Pakistan's ability to carry out basic laying, welding, and installation and commissioning of weapon systems, it will also be of great help to the country's naval technology.
In the case of
Naturally, the Karachi shipyard has assembled two French "Agosta" 90B AIP submarine, but also quite experienced.
039B submarine, is currently the most advanced conventional naval submarines.
In the case of
It has 2600 tons of displacement, the maximum speed of 18 knots, to 4 knots can travel 8000 nautical miles.
It is AIP submarine, you can run underwater for more than 2 weeks do not need floating charge.
In the case of
Its quiet performance than the 039A has greatly improved, using a multi-layer floating raft vibration, piping sound absorption, seven leaf large side spin prop and other new technologies.
At the same time, it also uses a new generation of sonar system, the specific technical parameters or secret.
In the case of
Weapons and equipment, in addition to six 533 mm torpedo tube, it can also install advanced submarine-launched missiles. Fish-6 torpedo has better depth, high speed and long-range attack performance, the maximum speed of more than 50, high-speed range of more than 25 km range, the warhead weighs more than 200 kg, with a new generation of nuclear submarines against the world's ability.
In the case of
Which specific type of missile will be installed in Pakistan's submarine, it is hard to say.
No matter what kind of missile, can attack more than 3,000 tons of large warships, range can be more than 200 km.
In the case of
At present, the Indian Navy has, including the aircraft carrier, the more powerful water combat ships. To Pakistan's national strength, is not so and India to fight.
In contrast, the submarine is an effective weapon against India.
India has 10 Kilo 877EMK submarines, four Xishumar class submarines and two for the training of Calvary class submarines, the strength is far stronger than Pakistan.
Objectively speaking, the 039B level is similar to that of Kilo.
The eight submarines after the equipment, will greatly enhance the Pakistani underwater capacity, and India can face confrontation.
Foreign media that China will provide to the Pakistan Navy eight 039B conventional power submarines. If you are careful, Pakistan's underwater submarine forces will have the ability to confront India in a positive way. Listen to Sasha say it.
In the case of
China will begin delivery in 2018 and deliver delivery by 2022.
At the same time, from 2023 onwards, the Pakistan Karachi shipyard will be a year the speed of a continuous construction of four.
In the case of
Eventually, the Pakistan Navy will have eight 039B submarines.
In the case of
Cooperation is still provided by China to Pakistan loans, while providing to the AIP system and weapons, including most of the parts.
With Pakistan's ability to carry out basic laying, welding, and installation and commissioning of weapon systems, it will also be of great help to the country's naval technology.
In the case of
Naturally, the Karachi shipyard has assembled two French "Agosta" 90B AIP submarine, but also quite experienced.
039B submarine, is currently the most advanced conventional naval submarines.
In the case of
It has 2600 tons of displacement, the maximum speed of 18 knots, to 4 knots can travel 8000 nautical miles.
It is AIP submarine, you can run underwater for more than 2 weeks do not need floating charge.
In the case of
Its quiet performance than the 039A has greatly improved, using a multi-layer floating raft vibration, piping sound absorption, seven leaf large side spin prop and other new technologies.
At the same time, it also uses a new generation of sonar system, the specific technical parameters or secret.
In the case of
Weapons and equipment, in addition to six 533 mm torpedo tube, it can also install advanced submarine-launched missiles. Fish-6 torpedo has better depth, high speed and long-range attack performance, the maximum speed of more than 50, high-speed range of more than 25 km range, the warhead weighs more than 200 kg, with a new generation of nuclear submarines against the world's ability.
In the case of
Which specific type of missile will be installed in Pakistan's submarine, it is hard to say.
No matter what kind of missile, can attack more than 3,000 tons of large warships, range can be more than 200 km.
In the case of
At present, the Indian Navy has, including the aircraft carrier, the more powerful water combat ships. To Pakistan's national strength, is not so and India to fight.
In contrast, the submarine is an effective weapon against India.
India has 10 Kilo 877EMK submarines, four Xishumar class submarines and two for the training of Calvary class submarines, the strength is far stronger than Pakistan.
Objectively speaking, the 039B level is similar to that of Kilo.
The eight submarines after the equipment, will greatly enhance the Pakistani underwater capacity, and India can face confrontation.
2017年4月30日星期日
The Significance of Chinese Carrier to China 's Military, Economic and Cultural
The Significance of Chinese Carrier to China 's Military, Economic and Cultural
As the East's greatest navigational country, China once had a strong fleet of dominating the East and even the world, also equipped with Zheng He treasure ship so dominate the world of super warships. But later for various reasons, the Chinese navy ships gradually catch up with the West. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic, China re-introduced advanced naval vessels, and shipbuilding industry will continue to develop, especially after the reform and opening up with the Chinese naval strength of the big step forward, China's naval ship construction into a new period of rapid development The The aircraft carrier as the modern naval most powerful and most complex sea "castle", is the highest achievements of naval shipbuilding capacity. Today, China's domestic aircraft carrier is about to sail to the ocean, it will be China's military system, economic development and cultural exchanges and exchanges play an irreplaceable significance.
Ocean deployment, nerve center
Domestic aircraft carrier will make the Chinese navy and the entire military system to better meet the needs of the defense of overseas interests. I believe that the domestic aircraft carrier is the first to meet the needs of cross-continental deployment, rather than simply to defend China's interests in the South China Sea. If the United States does not fully intervene in the South China Sea, China even if there is no aircraft carrier, is still the most powerful naval in the South China Sea, can effectively defend China's interests in the South China Sea. A few years ago, the French military attache in China made it clear that according to the experience of the French Navy using the aircraft carrier, he did not believe that China's aircraft carrier is mainly to defend the South China Sea. On the contrary, he believes that the aircraft carrier battle group is mainly in order to deploy in the local 1500 km away from the battle group, is an indispensable base for overseas intervention. Aircraft carrier from the date of birth, it played the role of floating air at sea. Taking into account China in a short period of time can not be established to the US Air Force as a global strategy to combat the Air Force, the Chinese aircraft carrier battle group will become the core of China's military forces across the continent, and truly assume the defense of China in the Indian Ocean, Africa and Latin America and other regions Of the route and the task of overseas investment.
Although the Chinese navy already has a Liaoning ship, but the domestic aircraft carrier battle group on the Chinese aircraft carrier really play a decisive role, as an introduction of the aircraft carrier, Liaoning ship, although China's large-scale improvement and upgrading, but its overall design has been Can not meet the needs of the next three decades, and the Chinese Navy from the beginning to equip the aircraft carrier, must go through a high intensity of the exercise, research and training to form a full combat effectiveness. Only to form their own aircraft carrier manufacturing capacity in order to completely explore the use of aircraft carrier battle group potential to promote the entire naval system faster to adapt to the aircraft carrier battle group to complete long-term overseas long-term deployment.
The Chinese navy has just been among the Navy "aircraft carrier club", whether around the domestic aircraft carrier to quickly establish a set of effective aircraft carrier command, support and security system will greatly affect the formation of combat effectiveness of Chinese aircraft carrier formation. From the experience of foreign military aircraft carrier command, support and security system and the characteristics of the use of aircraft carrier battle groups, we can find that the level of aircraft carrier support and security system construction is determined by the national comprehensive national strength and marine strength, Battle group burden of strategic and tactical tasks to match.
As the international situation changes, in the future naval power between the carrier war probability is still very low, the aircraft carrier battle group will be mainly responsible for escort, anti-piracy, evacuation, disaster relief and other low-intensity cruise mission, so the aircraft carrier will become the Chinese ocean fleet Nerve center, the entire fleet system and the entire cross-continent combat troops will be carried out around the aircraft carrier battle group. At the same time domestic aircraft carrier support and security system must strive to achieve "zero casualties." At the same time the aircraft carrier formation as the national naval strongest combat troops, charged with the responsibility of swearing the national sea power, must have a global voyage command and security capabilities, a set of effective support and security system to ensure that the aircraft carrier team always ensure adequate combat effectiveness The We have already through the use of Liaoning ship experience to establish a preliminary support and security system, but the system must be in the domestic aircraft carrier to be further tested and improved.
Industrial miracle, best advertising
In addition to the military significance of the accident, the impact of domestic aircraft carrier on the national economy is multifaceted, both to promote China's export-oriented economy to further develop, and for China's military industry and the entire manufacturing and industrial system development, has a huge role The Therefore, the development of domestic aircraft carrier is a political issue, but also an economic issue. On this side, we need to learn from the United States. The US aircraft carrier battle group plays an important role in maintaining the operation of its economic and profit system. The distribution of global interests in the United States can be effectively protected by the aircraft carrier battle group. At the same time the aircraft carrier battle group tour of the universal also demonstrates the strength and security of the United States, making a steady flow of overseas investment into the United States.
China's economy in the 30 years after the rapid development of the need for more robust "muscle and bone", the military power is the strong bones and muscles of the national economy. Only in this way, China can avoid once again into the rich and weak but weak tragic state. I believe that China should be soberly aware of the need to strengthen the construction of armaments, not only the construction of aircraft carriers, but also equipped with other major military weapons; not only to build a domestic aircraft carrier, but also to complete a sufficient number of aircraft carrier battle group. This investment is actually in the past in the defense of the debts, the development of calcium for the development of China.
For the Chinese Navy, the aircraft carrier battle group will further enhance the ocean fleet to enhance the ability to defend China's overseas interests. China needs to show strength, the Navy must have the status of the country to match the image of the project. As long as we have the aircraft carrier battle group, it has a defense of Africa and South America overseas interests of the remote base and the best weapons, in this regard the Chinese Navy is the last of the big navy to catch the "aircraft carrier last train".
In addition to safeguarding overseas interests and maintaining the operation of the entire national economic system, the domestic aircraft carrier is also the "China to create" the best advertising. As a manufacturing power, China's products in recent years to win more and more users overseas, but at the same time, Europe and the United States part of the media are constantly trying to branded in our products, "cottage", "low cost and low quality" And other negative labels. In this case, China through the introduction of technology, gradually digest and upgrade, and ultimately create a complete domestic aircraft carrier, will let the world understand the strength of China's manufacturing industry, the Chinese manufacturing brand effect has a very great significance.
In 2002, China purchased by Ukraine's second-hand aircraft carrier "Varyag" was dragged into Dalian Port. Then the Chinese shipbuilding technical staff began to around the ship "sea giant" to carry out the construction of the tense transformation. According to statistics, the aircraft carrier has more than 3,000 cabin, there are tens of thousands of sets of equipment need to be loaded into the ship, and these equipment from more than 1,000 research institutes and factories, tens of thousands of scientific research personnel and technical workers day and night to China aircraft carrier Work, according to statistics, the length of the cable installed on the ship to more than 3000 km.
July 27, 2011, when China officially announced that it has begun to rebuild the first aircraft carrier, the Western countries trying to conceal the guilt with arrogance, they have announced: "China will take at least ten years to really control the aircraft carrier." But the fact that , The progress of the Chinese aircraft carrier to the world's unique "China Speed" rapid advance - sea trials, formal entry, research and training, the Chinese aircraft carrier every step is fast and stable. September 25, 2012, "Liaoning" ship was officially delivered to the Chinese navy, and set off a wave in China around: 16 ships, aircraft carrier style has become a popular language and popular elements. November 23, 2012, the J-15 fighter for the first time in the "Liaoning" ship to complete the takeoff and landing, this time foreign media no longer boast, but invariably exclaimed the development of Chinese aircraft carrier beyond the imagination of the world.
In fact, China's aircraft carrier to a unique speed behind the development of China's national strength of the great progress, but also several generations of Chinese soldiers and military workers struggling crystal. November 25, J-15 after only two days after the successful takeoff and landing, J-15 development site commander, Shenyang Aircraft Industry (Group) Company Chairman Luo Yang due to overwork sudden heart disease died. Luoyang's story touched the people of the country, and in his spiritual appeal, the Chinese military workers with greater enthusiasm into the development of China's aircraft carrier, as the Shenyang Institute of aircraft design committee secretary Chu Xiaowen said in an interview: "can comfort him , We are going to use ten times the effort to achieve China's innovative, independent research and development of the military aviation industry across the development, to catch up with the United States and other military power, which is the wish of Luoyang , And the mission of our generation of airlines. "
In addition, China will build a domestic aircraft carrier will greatly enhance the entire national economic system, especially the level of the manufacturing system. China's shipbuilding industry has the ability to build aircraft carriers and giant oil tankers, in the manufacturing process of the existing manufacturing system deficiencies and defects will be exposed, which is the industrial system to fill the gaps in the best chance. In the domestic aircraft carrier manufacturing process in the accumulation of experience for the Chinese industrial system in the future to complete the more advanced ships and other super-projects, have a "learn from one another" guiding significance.
Aircraft carrier culture, exchange messenger
At the same time, China-made aircraft carrier will become the best platform to promote the Chinese dream. Domestic aircraft carrier and its carrier culture, on behalf of a country's soft power. After World War II in addition to the United States, Britain and France formed its own aircraft carrier culture, including the former Soviet Union, including the country because of the equipment carrier time is shorter or did not form a true sense of the aircraft carrier manufacturing capacity, and did not establish its own unique aircraft carrier culture The US aircraft carrier into any one port, for the relevant countries, both a deterrent, but also a close experience of the US national image of the process. Carrier is the best embodiment of a national industrial level, is the highest achievement of industrial civilization. In the face of such a moving sea city, everyone will unconsciously pay attention to its strength. Because of this, the US Navy will often invite all local classes to board the aircraft carrier to visit, through this cultural exchange to subtlely promote the American culture.
By studying the aircraft culture of the United States, Britain and France countries, we can find the aircraft carrier visit, is to show the country, the military strength and the best form of the naval tradition. China has not copied the traditional rituals of the Western Navy, but has built a unique culture and ritual with the unique traditions of the people's army. But this does not mean that the rites and culture of the Chinese navy are in conflict and opposition to Western traditions. The ritual is the most convenient way to gather people. Navy rituals and rituals are fairly universal worldwide, such as signal systems. Navy culture is the national navy unanimously agreed, naval visits and naval joint military exercises, are the best chance of cultural exchanges. The importance of the Navy to culture and etiquette makes it the most outgoing military in the military field. So the domestic aircraft carrier will become the best platform for Chinese and foreign naval cultural exchanges.
We have reason to believe that when the domestic aircraft carrier carrying Chinese naval officers and men toward the Quartet, the Chinese culture will be with their voyage spread to more and more places. Hundreds of years ago, Zheng He's treasure ship has been in the history of Chinese and foreign cultural exchange to create a story, in the near future, domestic aircraft carrier will once again become the best platform to promote Chinese culture.
As a country with just a carrier, China must absorb the lessons of other countries, should first do a good job of the overall system planning and technology development road map, for the establishment of a set of advanced concepts, rational layout, with the world's advanced level of Chinese characteristics aircraft carrier system, Only such a domestic aircraft carrier can better serve the Chinese military system, economic development and cultural communication and exchange services, and truly become the influence of China's national defense ship.
As the East's greatest navigational country, China once had a strong fleet of dominating the East and even the world, also equipped with Zheng He treasure ship so dominate the world of super warships. But later for various reasons, the Chinese navy ships gradually catch up with the West. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic, China re-introduced advanced naval vessels, and shipbuilding industry will continue to develop, especially after the reform and opening up with the Chinese naval strength of the big step forward, China's naval ship construction into a new period of rapid development The The aircraft carrier as the modern naval most powerful and most complex sea "castle", is the highest achievements of naval shipbuilding capacity. Today, China's domestic aircraft carrier is about to sail to the ocean, it will be China's military system, economic development and cultural exchanges and exchanges play an irreplaceable significance.
Ocean deployment, nerve center
Domestic aircraft carrier will make the Chinese navy and the entire military system to better meet the needs of the defense of overseas interests. I believe that the domestic aircraft carrier is the first to meet the needs of cross-continental deployment, rather than simply to defend China's interests in the South China Sea. If the United States does not fully intervene in the South China Sea, China even if there is no aircraft carrier, is still the most powerful naval in the South China Sea, can effectively defend China's interests in the South China Sea. A few years ago, the French military attache in China made it clear that according to the experience of the French Navy using the aircraft carrier, he did not believe that China's aircraft carrier is mainly to defend the South China Sea. On the contrary, he believes that the aircraft carrier battle group is mainly in order to deploy in the local 1500 km away from the battle group, is an indispensable base for overseas intervention. Aircraft carrier from the date of birth, it played the role of floating air at sea. Taking into account China in a short period of time can not be established to the US Air Force as a global strategy to combat the Air Force, the Chinese aircraft carrier battle group will become the core of China's military forces across the continent, and truly assume the defense of China in the Indian Ocean, Africa and Latin America and other regions Of the route and the task of overseas investment.
Although the Chinese navy already has a Liaoning ship, but the domestic aircraft carrier battle group on the Chinese aircraft carrier really play a decisive role, as an introduction of the aircraft carrier, Liaoning ship, although China's large-scale improvement and upgrading, but its overall design has been Can not meet the needs of the next three decades, and the Chinese Navy from the beginning to equip the aircraft carrier, must go through a high intensity of the exercise, research and training to form a full combat effectiveness. Only to form their own aircraft carrier manufacturing capacity in order to completely explore the use of aircraft carrier battle group potential to promote the entire naval system faster to adapt to the aircraft carrier battle group to complete long-term overseas long-term deployment.
The Chinese navy has just been among the Navy "aircraft carrier club", whether around the domestic aircraft carrier to quickly establish a set of effective aircraft carrier command, support and security system will greatly affect the formation of combat effectiveness of Chinese aircraft carrier formation. From the experience of foreign military aircraft carrier command, support and security system and the characteristics of the use of aircraft carrier battle groups, we can find that the level of aircraft carrier support and security system construction is determined by the national comprehensive national strength and marine strength, Battle group burden of strategic and tactical tasks to match.
As the international situation changes, in the future naval power between the carrier war probability is still very low, the aircraft carrier battle group will be mainly responsible for escort, anti-piracy, evacuation, disaster relief and other low-intensity cruise mission, so the aircraft carrier will become the Chinese ocean fleet Nerve center, the entire fleet system and the entire cross-continent combat troops will be carried out around the aircraft carrier battle group. At the same time domestic aircraft carrier support and security system must strive to achieve "zero casualties." At the same time the aircraft carrier formation as the national naval strongest combat troops, charged with the responsibility of swearing the national sea power, must have a global voyage command and security capabilities, a set of effective support and security system to ensure that the aircraft carrier team always ensure adequate combat effectiveness The We have already through the use of Liaoning ship experience to establish a preliminary support and security system, but the system must be in the domestic aircraft carrier to be further tested and improved.
Industrial miracle, best advertising
In addition to the military significance of the accident, the impact of domestic aircraft carrier on the national economy is multifaceted, both to promote China's export-oriented economy to further develop, and for China's military industry and the entire manufacturing and industrial system development, has a huge role The Therefore, the development of domestic aircraft carrier is a political issue, but also an economic issue. On this side, we need to learn from the United States. The US aircraft carrier battle group plays an important role in maintaining the operation of its economic and profit system. The distribution of global interests in the United States can be effectively protected by the aircraft carrier battle group. At the same time the aircraft carrier battle group tour of the universal also demonstrates the strength and security of the United States, making a steady flow of overseas investment into the United States.
China's economy in the 30 years after the rapid development of the need for more robust "muscle and bone", the military power is the strong bones and muscles of the national economy. Only in this way, China can avoid once again into the rich and weak but weak tragic state. I believe that China should be soberly aware of the need to strengthen the construction of armaments, not only the construction of aircraft carriers, but also equipped with other major military weapons; not only to build a domestic aircraft carrier, but also to complete a sufficient number of aircraft carrier battle group. This investment is actually in the past in the defense of the debts, the development of calcium for the development of China.
For the Chinese Navy, the aircraft carrier battle group will further enhance the ocean fleet to enhance the ability to defend China's overseas interests. China needs to show strength, the Navy must have the status of the country to match the image of the project. As long as we have the aircraft carrier battle group, it has a defense of Africa and South America overseas interests of the remote base and the best weapons, in this regard the Chinese Navy is the last of the big navy to catch the "aircraft carrier last train".
In addition to safeguarding overseas interests and maintaining the operation of the entire national economic system, the domestic aircraft carrier is also the "China to create" the best advertising. As a manufacturing power, China's products in recent years to win more and more users overseas, but at the same time, Europe and the United States part of the media are constantly trying to branded in our products, "cottage", "low cost and low quality" And other negative labels. In this case, China through the introduction of technology, gradually digest and upgrade, and ultimately create a complete domestic aircraft carrier, will let the world understand the strength of China's manufacturing industry, the Chinese manufacturing brand effect has a very great significance.
In 2002, China purchased by Ukraine's second-hand aircraft carrier "Varyag" was dragged into Dalian Port. Then the Chinese shipbuilding technical staff began to around the ship "sea giant" to carry out the construction of the tense transformation. According to statistics, the aircraft carrier has more than 3,000 cabin, there are tens of thousands of sets of equipment need to be loaded into the ship, and these equipment from more than 1,000 research institutes and factories, tens of thousands of scientific research personnel and technical workers day and night to China aircraft carrier Work, according to statistics, the length of the cable installed on the ship to more than 3000 km.
July 27, 2011, when China officially announced that it has begun to rebuild the first aircraft carrier, the Western countries trying to conceal the guilt with arrogance, they have announced: "China will take at least ten years to really control the aircraft carrier." But the fact that , The progress of the Chinese aircraft carrier to the world's unique "China Speed" rapid advance - sea trials, formal entry, research and training, the Chinese aircraft carrier every step is fast and stable. September 25, 2012, "Liaoning" ship was officially delivered to the Chinese navy, and set off a wave in China around: 16 ships, aircraft carrier style has become a popular language and popular elements. November 23, 2012, the J-15 fighter for the first time in the "Liaoning" ship to complete the takeoff and landing, this time foreign media no longer boast, but invariably exclaimed the development of Chinese aircraft carrier beyond the imagination of the world.
In fact, China's aircraft carrier to a unique speed behind the development of China's national strength of the great progress, but also several generations of Chinese soldiers and military workers struggling crystal. November 25, J-15 after only two days after the successful takeoff and landing, J-15 development site commander, Shenyang Aircraft Industry (Group) Company Chairman Luo Yang due to overwork sudden heart disease died. Luoyang's story touched the people of the country, and in his spiritual appeal, the Chinese military workers with greater enthusiasm into the development of China's aircraft carrier, as the Shenyang Institute of aircraft design committee secretary Chu Xiaowen said in an interview: "can comfort him , We are going to use ten times the effort to achieve China's innovative, independent research and development of the military aviation industry across the development, to catch up with the United States and other military power, which is the wish of Luoyang , And the mission of our generation of airlines. "
In addition, China will build a domestic aircraft carrier will greatly enhance the entire national economic system, especially the level of the manufacturing system. China's shipbuilding industry has the ability to build aircraft carriers and giant oil tankers, in the manufacturing process of the existing manufacturing system deficiencies and defects will be exposed, which is the industrial system to fill the gaps in the best chance. In the domestic aircraft carrier manufacturing process in the accumulation of experience for the Chinese industrial system in the future to complete the more advanced ships and other super-projects, have a "learn from one another" guiding significance.
Aircraft carrier culture, exchange messenger
At the same time, China-made aircraft carrier will become the best platform to promote the Chinese dream. Domestic aircraft carrier and its carrier culture, on behalf of a country's soft power. After World War II in addition to the United States, Britain and France formed its own aircraft carrier culture, including the former Soviet Union, including the country because of the equipment carrier time is shorter or did not form a true sense of the aircraft carrier manufacturing capacity, and did not establish its own unique aircraft carrier culture The US aircraft carrier into any one port, for the relevant countries, both a deterrent, but also a close experience of the US national image of the process. Carrier is the best embodiment of a national industrial level, is the highest achievement of industrial civilization. In the face of such a moving sea city, everyone will unconsciously pay attention to its strength. Because of this, the US Navy will often invite all local classes to board the aircraft carrier to visit, through this cultural exchange to subtlely promote the American culture.
By studying the aircraft culture of the United States, Britain and France countries, we can find the aircraft carrier visit, is to show the country, the military strength and the best form of the naval tradition. China has not copied the traditional rituals of the Western Navy, but has built a unique culture and ritual with the unique traditions of the people's army. But this does not mean that the rites and culture of the Chinese navy are in conflict and opposition to Western traditions. The ritual is the most convenient way to gather people. Navy rituals and rituals are fairly universal worldwide, such as signal systems. Navy culture is the national navy unanimously agreed, naval visits and naval joint military exercises, are the best chance of cultural exchanges. The importance of the Navy to culture and etiquette makes it the most outgoing military in the military field. So the domestic aircraft carrier will become the best platform for Chinese and foreign naval cultural exchanges.
We have reason to believe that when the domestic aircraft carrier carrying Chinese naval officers and men toward the Quartet, the Chinese culture will be with their voyage spread to more and more places. Hundreds of years ago, Zheng He's treasure ship has been in the history of Chinese and foreign cultural exchange to create a story, in the near future, domestic aircraft carrier will once again become the best platform to promote Chinese culture.
As a country with just a carrier, China must absorb the lessons of other countries, should first do a good job of the overall system planning and technology development road map, for the establishment of a set of advanced concepts, rational layout, with the world's advanced level of Chinese characteristics aircraft carrier system, Only such a domestic aircraft carrier can better serve the Chinese military system, economic development and cultural communication and exchange services, and truly become the influence of China's national defense ship.
How will China-made aircraft carrier follow-up progress? Will not use nuclear power?
How will China-made aircraft carrier follow-up progress? Will not use nuclear power?
Abstract: With China's first aircraft carrier and the first domestic aircraft carrier has been built in service, the Chinese navy has completed the aircraft carrier from scratch, then the follow-up aircraft carrier will be how to evolve? How many aircraft carriers are needed These follow-up aircraft carrier will be in the power, take off and other key systems on what development and progress?
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 1: China's future aircraft carrier imagination
China also needs several aircraft carriers
Alone an aircraft carrier is unable to form a continuous uninterrupted combat effectiveness. According to the experience of the US Navy aircraft carrier, in order to ensure that an aircraft carrier formation is always in combat cruise, you must have at least three aircraft carriers, an aircraft carrier on duty at sea, an aircraft carrier in the port overhaul maintenance, there is a The aircraft carrier travels between the sea and the port. Since already have the aircraft carrier, in the case of conditions permit, of course, do not want the aircraft carrier formation on duty at sea, so in order to ensure the aircraft carrier formation uninterrupted combat effectiveness, at least to build three aircraft carriers. But the three aircraft carrier is only the theoretical minimum value, as a carrier has just started the country, but also a large number of aircraft carrier professional training and maintenance of the use of aircraft carriers, so a major used to test and training aircraft carrier Is indispensable, and now the "Liaoning" aircraft carrier is responsible for this mission. Therefore, the minimum number of aircraft carrier equipment at least four.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 2: China will certainly need more aircraft carrier
With the development of China's economy and the need of peaceful revival of national rejuvenation in recent years, the core strategic interests of the country have gradually extended to the sea. From the international strategic situation facing China, there are two important strategic directions at sea, Is the east and northeast of the East China Sea, the Korean Sea, the direction of the Japanese sea, this direction both sovereignty island reef controversy, but also related to the national unity of the Taiwan issue, or the Chinese Navy break through the first island chain straight into the western Pacific Ocean strategic corridor. The other is the direction of the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, this direction is China's foreign trade and energy input of the most important sea routes where the sea, from the national economic point of view, to the sea lifeline to describe too much, while the South China Sea and Numerous sovereignty disputes on the island reef, but also China's strategic nuclear submarines into and out of the sea an important maritime corridor. Therefore, the two strategic directions of the sea, for China's national interests and national security is essential. If the two strategic directions in the allocation of an aircraft carrier formation, and to maintain uninterrupted maritime combat readiness, you must have six aircraft carriers. And in the case of having six aircraft carriers, you can swap out the test and training of the aircraft carrier, it is no longer need to equip another dedicated training aircraft carrier. In this case, with six aircraft carrier will be the ideal situation.
Will it be in one go?
The aircraft carrier's combat effectiveness is reflected by the carrier-based aircraft, carrier-based aircraft from the aircraft carrier is the premise of the combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier's take-off system in the entire aircraft carrier system engineering is undoubtedly a very important part.
At present, the "Liaoning" aircraft carrier and the first domestic aircraft carrier are used to take off the way, by contrast, the leaping off for the carrier-based aircraft is a lot of restrictions, especially for the carrier-based weight is very strict Restrictions, that is, relatively light fighters are difficult to full of fuel and ammunition full load take off, not to mention take off than the fighter weight heavier fixed wing early warning aircraft, the Chinese navy can only use the warning helicopter reluctantly replace the fixed wing early warning aircraft, so slide Leap can only be a transitional nature, sooner or later to use ejection take off mode.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 3: "Liaoning" was used to take off
The more mature steam catapult on the aircraft carrier is now a unique US, but in the United States the latest aircraft carrier "Ford" has been used on the more advanced electromagnetic ejection. Electromagnetic ejection as the driving force of electromagnetic force, not only simple structure, small size, light weight, and without preheating, can cope with a variety of emergencies; do not need to consume fresh water; can be more than the carrier-based motor catapult 8- 15%, the required maintenance workload and the operator will be reduced by 30% than the steam catapult; more importantly, the ejection force is always the same, the thrust output can be precisely controlled, suitable for more types of carrier-based aircraft, in particular, to achieve UAV on the ship, than the steam ejection has a great advantage, there is no doubt that the electromagnetic burst is the future of aircraft carrier ejection took off the trend.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 4: electromagnetic catapult is the future development trend
So as a late start of the Chinese aircraft carrier, whether it needs to take off from the slip to the steam ejection to the electromagnetic bursts of this step by step to develop? From the current technical conditions, it is possible to skip the steam ejection directly from the slip take off one step to the development of electromagnetic ejection, because since the final or to the development of electromagnetic catapult, has also seen the electromagnetic catapult than steam ejection more advantages, and Steam ejection is not the necessary process of electromagnetic ejection, then there is no need to take the steam ejection detours.
From the current situation, China has been in the carrier-based shore training base to install the electromagnetic catapult simulator, and a J-15 carrier-based fighter landing gear has also been installed on the ejection lever, which have confirmed that China The possibility of developing electromagnetic catapult on subsequent aircraft carrier.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 5: China's carrier-based aircraft training base satellite map can already see the electromagnetic catapult simulator
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 6: There is a J -15 has been installed on the catapult
Will it use nuclear power?
Subsequent aircraft carrier power is also the focus of attention of many people. At present, "Liaoning" and the first domestic aircraft carrier are only about 60,000 tons of displacement of medium-sized aircraft carrier, follow-up will certainly develop a larger displacement of large aircraft carriers, which is the inevitable development of the road. And 10 million tons of large aircraft carriers, but also to ensure that the maximum speed of 30 knots, the requirements for the power system is very high. At the same time, the carrier needs a long time cruising in the ocean above, large life is also very much needed technical indicators. In such circumstances, the use of nuclear power on the carrier is a very logical choice.
Figure 7: US Navy Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, China's future will develop nuclear power aircraft carrier it?
Because, first of all nuclear power to ensure sustained high speed, carrier-based aircraft also require aircraft carriers to 30 knots against the wind sailing, so that the deck of the wind to provide some auxiliary lift. Second, the nuclear power to ensure a large endurance, as long as the crew's physical ability to bear, the main food and other consumables to ensure that the nuclear power in theory can provide endless endurance. The most important thing is that the use of nuclear power carrier can not need to carry the fuel required by conventional power systems, more out of the aircraft carrier volume can be loaded with aviation operations required fuel and ammunition, greatly enhance the carrier aircraft combat sustainability, which also Which is added to the aircraft carrier's long-term combat capability. In addition, the conventional power carrier because of limited power output, mainly to ensure that aircraft carrier sailing, fresh water production required power is limited, so the supply of fresh water supply is limited. The power of the nuclear power can drive the aircraft carrier at the same time, there are surplus power to produce large amounts of fresh water, so the nuclear power aircraft on the fresh water supply is open, which for improving the living standards of the crew to ensure high morale Is indispensable.
China has built nuclear power plants and nuclear submarines, nuclear power technology is no stranger, of course, the cost of nuclear power than conventional aircraft carrier, but the advantages of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is also obvious, the US Navy on the aircraft carrier compared the nuclear power and conventional power , But that the cost of construction alone, the nuclear power carrier is indeed high, but in actual use of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier efficiency is much higher than the conventional power carrier, that is, the cost of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is higher, the economy instead better. So in the future if the economy allows the case, the development of nuclear power aircraft carrier is also an inevitable choice.
Abstract: With China's first aircraft carrier and the first domestic aircraft carrier has been built in service, the Chinese navy has completed the aircraft carrier from scratch, then the follow-up aircraft carrier will be how to evolve? How many aircraft carriers are needed These follow-up aircraft carrier will be in the power, take off and other key systems on what development and progress?
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 1: China's future aircraft carrier imagination
China also needs several aircraft carriers
Alone an aircraft carrier is unable to form a continuous uninterrupted combat effectiveness. According to the experience of the US Navy aircraft carrier, in order to ensure that an aircraft carrier formation is always in combat cruise, you must have at least three aircraft carriers, an aircraft carrier on duty at sea, an aircraft carrier in the port overhaul maintenance, there is a The aircraft carrier travels between the sea and the port. Since already have the aircraft carrier, in the case of conditions permit, of course, do not want the aircraft carrier formation on duty at sea, so in order to ensure the aircraft carrier formation uninterrupted combat effectiveness, at least to build three aircraft carriers. But the three aircraft carrier is only the theoretical minimum value, as a carrier has just started the country, but also a large number of aircraft carrier professional training and maintenance of the use of aircraft carriers, so a major used to test and training aircraft carrier Is indispensable, and now the "Liaoning" aircraft carrier is responsible for this mission. Therefore, the minimum number of aircraft carrier equipment at least four.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 2: China will certainly need more aircraft carrier
With the development of China's economy and the need of peaceful revival of national rejuvenation in recent years, the core strategic interests of the country have gradually extended to the sea. From the international strategic situation facing China, there are two important strategic directions at sea, Is the east and northeast of the East China Sea, the Korean Sea, the direction of the Japanese sea, this direction both sovereignty island reef controversy, but also related to the national unity of the Taiwan issue, or the Chinese Navy break through the first island chain straight into the western Pacific Ocean strategic corridor. The other is the direction of the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, this direction is China's foreign trade and energy input of the most important sea routes where the sea, from the national economic point of view, to the sea lifeline to describe too much, while the South China Sea and Numerous sovereignty disputes on the island reef, but also China's strategic nuclear submarines into and out of the sea an important maritime corridor. Therefore, the two strategic directions of the sea, for China's national interests and national security is essential. If the two strategic directions in the allocation of an aircraft carrier formation, and to maintain uninterrupted maritime combat readiness, you must have six aircraft carriers. And in the case of having six aircraft carriers, you can swap out the test and training of the aircraft carrier, it is no longer need to equip another dedicated training aircraft carrier. In this case, with six aircraft carrier will be the ideal situation.
Will it be in one go?
The aircraft carrier's combat effectiveness is reflected by the carrier-based aircraft, carrier-based aircraft from the aircraft carrier is the premise of the combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier's take-off system in the entire aircraft carrier system engineering is undoubtedly a very important part.
At present, the "Liaoning" aircraft carrier and the first domestic aircraft carrier are used to take off the way, by contrast, the leaping off for the carrier-based aircraft is a lot of restrictions, especially for the carrier-based weight is very strict Restrictions, that is, relatively light fighters are difficult to full of fuel and ammunition full load take off, not to mention take off than the fighter weight heavier fixed wing early warning aircraft, the Chinese navy can only use the warning helicopter reluctantly replace the fixed wing early warning aircraft, so slide Leap can only be a transitional nature, sooner or later to use ejection take off mode.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 3: "Liaoning" was used to take off
The more mature steam catapult on the aircraft carrier is now a unique US, but in the United States the latest aircraft carrier "Ford" has been used on the more advanced electromagnetic ejection. Electromagnetic ejection as the driving force of electromagnetic force, not only simple structure, small size, light weight, and without preheating, can cope with a variety of emergencies; do not need to consume fresh water; can be more than the carrier-based motor catapult 8- 15%, the required maintenance workload and the operator will be reduced by 30% than the steam catapult; more importantly, the ejection force is always the same, the thrust output can be precisely controlled, suitable for more types of carrier-based aircraft, in particular, to achieve UAV on the ship, than the steam ejection has a great advantage, there is no doubt that the electromagnetic burst is the future of aircraft carrier ejection took off the trend.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 4: electromagnetic catapult is the future development trend
So as a late start of the Chinese aircraft carrier, whether it needs to take off from the slip to the steam ejection to the electromagnetic bursts of this step by step to develop? From the current technical conditions, it is possible to skip the steam ejection directly from the slip take off one step to the development of electromagnetic ejection, because since the final or to the development of electromagnetic catapult, has also seen the electromagnetic catapult than steam ejection more advantages, and Steam ejection is not the necessary process of electromagnetic ejection, then there is no need to take the steam ejection detours.
From the current situation, China has been in the carrier-based shore training base to install the electromagnetic catapult simulator, and a J-15 carrier-based fighter landing gear has also been installed on the ejection lever, which have confirmed that China The possibility of developing electromagnetic catapult on subsequent aircraft carrier.
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 5: China's carrier-based aircraft training base satellite map can already see the electromagnetic catapult simulator
Domestic aircraft carrier series of eight: domestic aircraft carrier follow-up how to evolve Figure 6: There is a J -15 has been installed on the catapult
Will it use nuclear power?
Subsequent aircraft carrier power is also the focus of attention of many people. At present, "Liaoning" and the first domestic aircraft carrier are only about 60,000 tons of displacement of medium-sized aircraft carrier, follow-up will certainly develop a larger displacement of large aircraft carriers, which is the inevitable development of the road. And 10 million tons of large aircraft carriers, but also to ensure that the maximum speed of 30 knots, the requirements for the power system is very high. At the same time, the carrier needs a long time cruising in the ocean above, large life is also very much needed technical indicators. In such circumstances, the use of nuclear power on the carrier is a very logical choice.
Figure 7: US Navy Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, China's future will develop nuclear power aircraft carrier it?
Because, first of all nuclear power to ensure sustained high speed, carrier-based aircraft also require aircraft carriers to 30 knots against the wind sailing, so that the deck of the wind to provide some auxiliary lift. Second, the nuclear power to ensure a large endurance, as long as the crew's physical ability to bear, the main food and other consumables to ensure that the nuclear power in theory can provide endless endurance. The most important thing is that the use of nuclear power carrier can not need to carry the fuel required by conventional power systems, more out of the aircraft carrier volume can be loaded with aviation operations required fuel and ammunition, greatly enhance the carrier aircraft combat sustainability, which also Which is added to the aircraft carrier's long-term combat capability. In addition, the conventional power carrier because of limited power output, mainly to ensure that aircraft carrier sailing, fresh water production required power is limited, so the supply of fresh water supply is limited. The power of the nuclear power can drive the aircraft carrier at the same time, there are surplus power to produce large amounts of fresh water, so the nuclear power aircraft on the fresh water supply is open, which for improving the living standards of the crew to ensure high morale Is indispensable.
China has built nuclear power plants and nuclear submarines, nuclear power technology is no stranger, of course, the cost of nuclear power than conventional aircraft carrier, but the advantages of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is also obvious, the US Navy on the aircraft carrier compared the nuclear power and conventional power , But that the cost of construction alone, the nuclear power carrier is indeed high, but in actual use of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier efficiency is much higher than the conventional power carrier, that is, the cost of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is higher, the economy instead better. So in the future if the economy allows the case, the development of nuclear power aircraft carrier is also an inevitable choice.
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