How did Russia see the 1917 revolution?

How did Russia see the 1917 revolution?

100 years later, Russia how to see the 1917 revolution
[The Global Times Comprehensive Report] Editor's note: "the end of hundreds of years of monarchy, the establishment of the Soviet regime, irreversibly changed the history", the law and society with this sentence summed up the Russian 1917 years. This year, Russia has erupted the February Revolution, the October Revolution, for the strong Soviet era kicked off. In 2017, this revolutionary era ushered in the 100th anniversary, for its interpretation of Russian public opinion in the constant response. Russia, which has experienced the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is now more complex in its 1917 revolution: some argue that it has brought the best of times in the country; it has been said that the process of national development has been hampered. Russian President Vladimir Putin is in charge of the Russian society around the revolution for frank and in-depth evaluation, "will not allow the past split, resentment, resentment and cold pull into our present life."
1. 500 commemorative activities, but to avoid politicization
"In Russia, March 12 is usually considered the starting point of the revolution." Long-term focus on Russia moving to the United States, "New York Times", as if to explore the "abnormal" political signal generally said, "100 years after the March 12 Not the national holidays, the Russian government did not publish similar to commemorate the victory of World War II, said it is 'great victory' official statement.
March 12, 1917, the tsarist system collapsed; the same year on November 7, the October Revolution victory, the establishment of the Soviet regime. Two revolution for the Soviet era laid the foundation for the history of Russia is a heavy color. However, in the Western media view, 100 years after the Russian people do not seem to know how to look at the revolutionary years of 1917, how to commemorate the issue of some "tangled." At the same time, some commemorative activities "cautious", as low as possible. According to the Russian "Opinion" reported that the Russian government did not organize activities during the February Revolution Memorial Day, the media did not carry out a large number of reports, but some areas held a small commemorative activities.
Travel Association "World Without Borders" staff told the "Global Times" reporter, many Chinese tourists with Soviet complex look forward to the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution to catch up with large-scale celebrations, but commemorative activities more concentrated in the history of the world, Russia There is no plan to hold large festivals.
In December last year, the Russian History Society established a committee dedicated to the plan for the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution, based on President Putin's order. President of the Russian Presidential Administration's Social Project Management Department,
Zenikovic said the commemoration would be commemorated in the historical context, and he called for not politicizing it. Agence France-Presse said that Russia is currently preparing to host 500 meetings, round tables, exhibitions and arts festivals to commemorate 1917. The President of the Moscow International Institute of International Relations Anatoly Torkunov was appointed head of the Commission's official commissions, composed of filmmakers, journalists and religious leaders. Torkukov said that the committee was not governed by the Kremlin.
British Art News website said that because the Russian society in 1917 two revolutions and the Soviet Union there is a contradictory mentality, so the Russian museum in the relevant exhibition will take as far as possible without controversy. "If a museum has a collection of 1917-related collections, works of art, etc., it is possible to choose to hold a collection-related exhibition," said historian and curator Anatoly Gruber Weissky. The St. Petersburg Alminas Museum takes the initiative to focus on the exhibition of tsars and their families. The museum's exhibition in the Netherlands will return to St. Petersburg later this year. This exhibition will showcase the "Tsar's Choice and Decide How to Make the Revolution Unusual". The museum director of the Russian National Museum in St. Petersburg said the museum will host a "exhibition of people's lives and art" about historical events.
It is said that the Russian National Museum of History in Red Square in Moscow will also organize exhibitions. "We have to face everything that happened at the time and what happened: this is our common history, and we must be brave to say that we must not forget the remarkable achievements and victories that we have achieved," said the museum curator.
Agence France-Presse said that the Russian government would like to take low-key to celebrate the spirit of dilapidating the revolution in 1917, "warned not to riots." However, at the meeting of the Research Memorial Program Committee, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Agency, Narezkin, made a different interpretation - the 100th anniversary event was designed to commemorate and understand, not to celebrate, Break the people. "For some people, the 1917 revolution was the death of the 'big Russia', 'off Europe', so that we stopped the development in Europe." Russian Presidential Cultural Affairs Special Representative Mikhail Shivideco "For many other people, the Soviet era is the best of their lives," he said. He said that Putin is committed to unite the whole country, "any national level of celebration will exacerbate these differences."
2. "Two distinct views on the collision"
"Differentiation", which is concerned about the Russian society for the October Revolution leader Lenin, 1917 revolution and its follow-up views, the highest frequency of a word.
Agence France-Presse said that for the 1917 revolution, the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 was an important turning point, "the public is increasingly no longer regarded as a victory of these revolutions, but triggered several generations of Russians into the tragedy of suffering." "The disappearance of the monarchy has caused the country to be in anarchy and later into a civil war, and millions of people have lost their lives," said Peter Arkopov, editor-in-chief of the Russian political journal. Russian history professor Vladimir Lavrov said the revolution "led to the collapse of the Millennium empire."
A poll conducted by the Russian "New Area" website on the eve of the October 2016 Revolution Day shows that 28.95% of respondents believe that this is one of the most important events of the 20th century. 23.16% of people said that the November 7 revolution to promote the national development. 24.65% of the respondents said that this is a disaster for Russia, is the beginning of the end of the great nation. Another survey of the Levada Center shows that 21% of respondents believe that the monarchy is the end of the Russian disaster, 13% of people hold a positive view. For Lenin, 40% of the Russian people view positive, 20% of the respondents negative attitude.
65-year-old Moscow citizen Yulia has a deep affection for the Soviet Union. She told the "Global Times" reporter said that it was the October Revolution, the Soviet Union was able to build, she was attached to the Soviet Union during the social progress and national strong. In her view, "Lenin is a hero."
Lenin was very diligent, working 16 hours a day, with a great deal of philosophy and political work, and he commanded the revolution in less than a year and then introduced new economic policies and rebuilt the country in five years. The economy soon returned to pre-war levels, and he was a great leader. "45-year-old Anton thought Lenin was a genius.
And the 36-year-old photographer, Yevgeny, had a different view. "The organizers of the October Revolution had a good will to resist the exploitation of capitalists and let the masses of workers and peasants be the masters, but the revolution opened the brutal civil war."
For the October Revolution, there were young people who were not interested. Natasha, a 98-year-old journalist in Moscow, told the Global Times reporter that the time has elapsed for a long time ... Russia's economy is now poor and housing and other expenses are high. Think of that old age.
"Over the past two decades, there have been two distinct views on the October Revolution, which has been in the public eye, and the academic community has collided with it." Director of the Russian Center for Scientific Thought and Political Ideology, "Global Times" reporter said that after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the liberals away from the Soviet ideology, emphasizing the new concept, and began to appear in the October Revolution called "coup or crime" voice. However, the old Soviet people who had a socialist complex had always believed that the October Revolution not only allowed the Soviet Union, the first socialist country in the world to come into being, but also had an impact on the capitalist world, "forcing these countries to improve their welfare for the people."
"We live in history of schizophrenia", "The New York Times" quoted Russian retired general, historian Leonid Rachel Nickov as saying. The general said in a forum that once he tried to explain to his granddaughter, why the Russian city of Yekaterinburg had a church dedicated to the tsar and his family as a saint, and a memorial that was shot Kill the monument to the local Bolshevik commander.
3. Putin's attitude
As the times changed, the way the Russian government celebrated the October Revolution changed. The Soviet Union on November 7 each year, the Red Square will be held on the grand "October Revolution Victory Day" parade, held in 1990 the last one. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Russian official no longer celebrated, this day as a rest day. In 1996, Russian President Boris Yeltsin set the day as "harmonious reconciliation day". In 2005, Putin signed the law will be restored on October 7 to October Revolution Day, but this day is no longer a public holiday. On the day of the Red Square parade, is to commemorate the 1941 German troops under the Moscow city, the Red Army in the inspection directly after the opening of the legendary red field parade.
Today, the Russian political parties differ in their views of 1917. The Russian Communist Party believes that if there is no Bolshevik power, Russia may no longer exist. Russian Communist Party Duldari Valery Rushkin has put forward a motion to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution, Lenin's head should be printed on ruble coins to cherish the socialist country's founder.
In contrast, the Russian Liberal Democratic Party's position is more negative, the party members Leibe Jeff believes that "a great country was destroyed in 1917." Russian Liberal Democrat President Rinovsky has been supporting the removal of Lenin's remains from the tomb of Lenin in Red Square. "It was a square for celebrating events, festivals and parades, and Lenin destroyed all the best things in the Tsarist Russia, and it was He opened the Second World War.
Russian President Vladimir Putin's attitude is the most concerned about the outside world. On December 1 last year, Putin said in his State of the Union address that the February Revolution and the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution show that Russia has experienced too much turbulence over the past century. In 2017, the entire Russian community needed a frank and in-depth evaluation of the causes and effects of the revolution, "and never allowed the divisions, resentment, resentment and coldness of our past into our present life."
In January 2016, Putin, speaking at the All-Russian Popular Front Forum, said that he still maintained the Soviet Communist Party membership card, and he still liked communism and socialism.
However, in August 2014, when Putin discussed the historical issues with middle school students in a summer camp, he said that the violent shaking of the Russian internal regime in 1917 eventually led to the collapse of the country from the inside.
In the view of Chinese scholars, Putin's view of the 1917 revolution, showing two sides. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Russian expert expert Wu Enyuan 16 days to accept the "Global Times" reporter said that on the one hand, Putin, including the October Revolution, including the Russian history, said respect. He believes that if there is no overthrow of the tsarist government, then the war did not win the war, during World War II to win the fascism is also the Soviet government's credit, coupled with the 1950s to eliminate illiteracy, the Russians, especially the workers and peasants group life improved, The Communist Party has done a lot of useful things. On the other hand, Putin argued that the shooting of the tsarist Romanov family in the October Revolution was inhumane; the Soviet Union system, which was free to join and withdrew, was a time bomb that led to its disintegration. "Putin wants to eliminate the lessons of the past, so he is talking about commemorating these revolutions, emphasizing unity and harmony." Wu said.
A media man working in Russia told the Global Times that during the decade after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Russian academics had experienced a period of denial of all historical nihilism in the field of ideology. Starting from Putin's ruling, the Russians began to look at major historical events again.
"Although some people think that Russia in 1917 into a catastrophe, but its logo is still deeply embedded in their daily lives." "New York Times" is the evaluation. In any case, the October Revolution and later the Soviet Union, and Russia still rely on the military strength, industrial base, social security system is closely related. And under the influence of Putin's dream, more and more young people began to like the Soviet Union they had never experienced.
"In recent years, the Russian people's interest in the socialist revolution and the history of the Soviet Union has risen." 100 years ago, inequality between social strata gave birth to the October Revolution. The Soviet Union, medical, education, housing and other social welfare is very good now Russia Is facing the gap between rich and poor, lack of social management and other issues, which need to be ruled to solve the history of the lessons worthy of reference today. "Russian scientific ideology and political ideology research center director Stepan Suraka real "Global Times" reporter said.